Positives and Negatives

All people in this world be different. They feel otherwise and take up different skills. Even though they give way different skills, strengths and weaknesses, in that location will be any(prenominal) ones common amongst the people. Likewise, some of my strengths and weaknesses might be similar to that of my friends, parents, relatives, people around the world and some not. That is how we are made. Although, strengths and weaknesses isnt a permanent thing. It can be worked on and can be improved and polished.I am a precise cheerful, caring and loving individual who never fails to smile e rattlingday. I tend to remain happy some of the time and believe smile is one of the greatest gift abandoned to us. When we give a smile, it might blossom the rest of the day of some other person. Moreover, I am an optimistic person who likes to work hard and constantly believes if we work hard enough, nothing is impossible to achieve. I like to be confident and think of myself as a quick learner. Without confidence, achieving our goals, targets is very difficult.I am a frank, unselfish, team player with the driving power and willingness to learn and bet challenges. These are some of the strengths I believe I have in me. Talking about some of my weaknesses, I sometimes get very emotional which affects my day to day life. Also, I feel that I am sensitive to my criticisms. When this happens, I sometimes become short- tempered. My another weakness is that in some cases, I tend to underestimate myself which is one of my biggest weakness I believe so far.Although I have my strengths and weakness, there are some strengths I believe I would like to polish and some weaknesses I would like to improve. First of all, I am confident but in some cases, I might tend to be nervous. I would very much like to improve that and remain confident all of the time, though never be overconfident. I work hard but sometimes, I get distracted and affects my work. I would like to improve that and be more(prenominal) focused. Regarding my weaknesses, the first thing I would like to improve would be to never underestimate myself.I should always make myself believe that I have it in me to do a particular work. Also, sometimes, I get short tempered which might hurt a lot of people. So, i need to slip away myself calm and never act bitterly. I believe I have expressed myself . These are some of the strengths and weaknesses I believe I have in me. Some strengths inescapably to be polished and some weaknesses needs to be improved. There is no doubt that it can be achieved because these are not permanent. All this is what makes me and I am proud of who I am.

Hobson’s Choice Essay

Maggie. Yes, Maggie Youre increase on me lass. In act three we see that the wedding reaction is a small and simple one. This tells the audience that Maggie is not one for blow money and does not mind having the party in the cellars. As the tender moves on, the audience starts to see a change in get outie, Youre making a great mistake, Mr. Hobson. resultie besides starts to take the upper hand with Hobson, puzzle down, Mr. Hobson. The change in him is all down to Maggie she has pride in Willie and believes in him. Their marriage is originally more(prenominal) than of a business arrangement more everywhere it starts to ecome more of marriage of equal partners.When Hobson comes over to seek help, Maggie is sure to colloquy to Will first, Will its my grow. Is he to come in? Maggie and Will work together to make Hobson feel ashamed of his drinking and bequeath him into giving marriage exterminations to her younger sisters. The audience will warm to Maggie over the way he skilfully gets her own back on her father. When Maggie mussinesss with her fathers problem, she is in control and the audience, clearly see that she and Will are working together as a team, Do you trust it will get in the paper Maggie?Yes, for sure. Will has come a long way as he was previously descri ass as stunted mentally by a brutalised childhood. Even though Maggies plan has gone well in getting Hobson to give the settlement money over as a fine for trespassing, she shows that she cares for her sisters. Maggie does not permit Albert Prosser take the thousand pounds he originally asks for, You neednt be greedy. She also threatens to counter-sue and confirms the original settlement of five hundred pounds.We see a softer more sentimental side of Maggie when she throws away the hot ouse flowers but keeps one to kettle of fish in her bible. To finish the act, Brighouse returns to the comedy of when Will has to be led to bed by the ear. Although Maggie is clearly in charge in this respect, it contains an element of heart and humour plus this would also make her character a likeable one. At the start of Act Four, we see that Hobson is ill. Tubby tries to help by suggesting for Maggie to come over. Shall I go for Miss Maggie sir?The opinion is agreed by the doctor, l dont know who this Maggie is, but I rank her. When Maggie and her sisters find that Hobson needs looking after, Vickey and Alice try to get Maggie to do it. Alice says, I dont think I can be pass judgment to come back to this after what IVe been used to. Hobson tries to offer an unfair, mean deal to Maggie and Will to take care of him but Maggie quickly says, If he goes, I go with him father, as the bribe is poor. The audience notice how Will has bend a true gentleman with the help from Maggie, Youre the man IVe do you and Im proud. When Will tries to replace Maggies brass parry for a gold one, Maggie does not ish to give it up. That brass ring stay where you put it. This shows the audience a sense of sentimentality. The play ends with Hobson as a sleeping partner, in Wills business. Will, amazed, closes the act and the play with the words, easy by gum At the end of the play, the audience sees that Maggie as more of a likeable character. She is portrayed, by Brighouse, as a successful businesswoman gothic for a lady in her point in time. Brighouse shows Maggie can be fair and compassionate with other characters.

Constrctivism Learning and Teaching Model Essay

The constructivism impersonate in the classroom is a opening created to explain how and what we know. Building companionship and problem solving are the main(prenominal) focuses for this model. From the analysis of our own experiences, both(prenominal) past and present, we construct our understanding of content. From doing things and reflecting upon them, we get into information that can be useful in forthcoming applications. (Lamon, M. 2003). The model was conceived by Jean Piaget (1896-1980), who believed that human cosmoss developed intelligence through alteration and organization.One example is that of transformative tuition, whereby children develop an understanding of something using whatever flesh out they subscribe to at the time, and then adjust that understanding as they go along, rather than putting the details together piecemeal to come to a conclusion. Piaget is considered the originator of constructivism. However there are a number of diametric theories tha t have been applied to modify his original model.For instance, Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934), developed a relevant contribution to constructivism with his ideas about language, thought, and how they cogitation within the societal picture. For example, he believed that children learn better in environments where there is guided interaction versus those where they work independently. (Lamon, M. 2003). The 5E model engagement, exploration, explanation, elaboration, and military rank, was a model developed from the ideas of Piaget, John Dewey, and Johann Herbart.This model was knowing to encourage friendship construction and begins with prompting the accepted understanding of a subject matter. Engagement is employ to recall prior knowledge. Students who are learning new subjects and content have their interest piqued through engaging in brief activities. Some of these activities include asking specific questions, brainstorming, and providing a scenario to captivat e what the disciples know already. Exploration uses activities with a common base to identify current concepts and then help change those concepts.To achieve this, the teacher should start a discussion or demonstrate an activity that poses a challenge to the students understanding, and then delve into any misconceptions behind the challenges. Explanation is used to provide opportunities for students to develop skills, knowledge, or behavior, by presenting them with information that they would be improbable to discover on their own. This helps the students develop their own expertise, with assistance. Elaboration is used for the students to book new experiences and to broaden the understanding and application of the skill set organism taught. valuation is used by students to identify where they are at in understanding of a new knowledge set. Teachers withal use evaluation to amount of money if the progress is being make toward the general instruction goal. This gives the teacher a chance to modify a unit or lesson for future applications. Jorback, B. (n. d. ) A modified version of the 5E model was developed for science computer programme in the 1980s by Rodger Bybee. Bybee used constructivism as his base when he developed this version. He only changed the last two aspects of the original 5E model.He switched evaluations order and used it as the fourth E. Evaluation is used for the judgement, both formative and summative. With formative assessments, the teacher can measure if the students are learning by providing quizzes, observations, or question and answer discussions later on a lesson or while it is being taught. A summative assessment can be delivered at the end of the unit. This provides the teacher with an idea of what the students have retained throughout the unit and then they can adjust for sequential lessons.Extension is similar to the elaboration phase, in that it utilizes the premise that learning willing occur when instruction is orderly and increases with intricacy as the unit moves forward. Connections made with the new knowledge can be used for new experiences, by extending the knowledge even further into applications that could non have been achieved before the lesson or unit was taught.Take Chemistry for example. One could not do chemical equation balancing without the prior knowledge of atomic structures and understanding the cite components of what they mean. Jorback, B. (n. . ) Some potential challenges that can arise from the constructivism model if the teacher is not well versed in the knowledge of the subject and its content. This model would also be challenging for those who possess problem solving skills, yet neediness in basic knowledge of real world knowledge. Constructivism is a knowledge based model where we learn new concepts through prior experience. The instructor must be able to predict preconceptions the students may have and break up on appropriate activities, in addition to effectively m odifying and assessing the content being taught.Jorback, B. (n. d. ) In conclusion, many current theories have been applied to constructivism to adapt it to the modernistic day classroom. However, the theories all share the belief that a prior knowledge base is required. That prior knowledge does not have to be on the subject that is being taught. One must be able to chip in prior knowledge in order to make connections for new knowledge. Applying this and evaluating it gives both the students and teachers a measurement of what has been learned and still needs to be learned.

Developmental problems in Algeria

Development betivities may be recorded in various sectors in any wedded country especially in agriculture, transportation and manufacturing depending on how these sectors bring scotch benefits to a country its easy to determine the Gross home(prenominal) Product. Using Algeria as an example, industrial revolution and human being trafficking are the both major factors that help determine the countrys stinting level. Its worth noting that, Algeria highly depends on agriculture and human labor for its development.For this reason, the brass bodily process has develop some(prenominal)(prenominal) developmental theories to cope with any problems that may stir the major sectors in the country. Industrial revolution Since the early 19th century, Algeria has had of import changes in transport, manufacturing and agricultural sectors. These changes can best be said to be as a result of industrial revolution, which has brought new tools and machines to the countrys economic secto r. In addition, industrial revolution has resulted to new forms of mechanization much(prenominal) as textile industry and introduction of iron making techniques.The tools and machines brought slightly by industrial revolution strike made end product to be more efficient and reliable. This is because tools execute to make work easier and reduce production cost. The reason target trim down production cost is the ability industrial revolution has on reducing human labor on the human body of employees in any given production industry. However, industrial revolution has some(prenominal) shortcomings that a country should take note of. Agricultural sector is negatively pertained by industrial revolution when pollution issues arise.In approximately cases, industries tend to cause air, water and land pollutions. Vegetation admits economic advantage and prefatory food to a nation, pollution caused by industrial revolution tends to affordicap them hence resulting to an unhealth y nation. Other limitations caused by industrial revolution are unemployment and reduced companionable activities. In Algeria for example, iron melting has resulted in increase weapons and arms in the country. Researchers such as John Clapham have blessed industrial revolution for change in social activity and increase crime.Unemployment on the other hand has led to increase in the scissure between the poor and the rich. Unemployment refers to the microeconomic phenomenon where by people are unbid hideout to work but not currently working, this groups of people in clued those with let on work, those currently available to work and those seeking work that that particular moment. Unemployment is metameric in terms of age, sex, education, duration of unemployment and kind of work that an individual is seeking. In the United States specifically the super C types of unemployment are the frictional structural and cyclically types (G.den Broeder P 132).Industrial revolution is also l eads to minimum charters in round of the jobs or occupation, research has shown that the amount of salary or wages that employees are paid in some sectors especially the blue collar jobs the wages is too busted compared to the amount of job or task performed, the upshot to this according to the governmental human rights acts the incorporation of the clotheting of minimum wage had been suggested as the answer, this has not proven to work since minimum wage set was too low compared to the daily expenses and the expected standards of living of the workers.As a consequence to the major problems caused by industrial revolution the government has formulated several developmental theories. A good example is starting up social programs which ensure the citizens are aware of the importance of unity and peace. The assumption behind these theories is that individuals are socially stable, availability of arms and weapons will not affect peace in a country greatly. Another strategy devel op by the government to suppress unemployment caused by industrial revolution is reduced tax burden.Human trafficking Human trafficking refers to harboring, transporting or recruiting people with the aim of slavery. It is rather common in many under genuine countries like Algeria where developmental sectors determine the countries economic and social stability. Human trafficking tends to bring about deception and fraud. This is because its loosely caused by abuse of power. Campaigns against human trafficking have highly been established since the activity does not comply with human rights in virtually countries.There are several forms of human trafficking sexual harassment, forced labor and exploitation and servitude are the most common forms of human trafficking. In Algeria for example, children can be recruited as soldiers, the act tends to weaken the population. The fact that human trafficking brings about social mistrust, the citizens finds it hard to adopt the set rules and regulations as they believe the government is dictatorship oriented.Since human trafficking is quite common in Algeria, Smith McGregor analyzed several causes related to its increase. The most common causes are unemployment, government corruption, regional imbalances, political instability, armed conflicts and organize crimes. Clearly, most of these causes can only be controlled if the government at hand can come in. To begin with, the government should find it their duty to provide security to the public by disarming all the unauthorized persons.For the government to succeed in providing security and peace in the society, proper leadership strategies should be implemented. It is intrinsic to pass human trafficking in our country as it affects stability of social and economic sectors. In regions where human trafficking is highly witnessed, essential rife activities are not considered. A good example is low educational levels resulting to high levels of illiteracy. Human traffic king also results to low developmental addition since human labor in that specific country is unavailable.When this happens, it becomes quite surd to develop agricultural and manufacturing sectors. Human trafficking results to poor health in a society therefore it tends to be quite difficult for any developmental activities to be carried out effectively. The government and several other non governmental organizations have developed developmental theories to cope with human trafficking effects and besides eradicate it. Stating well defined international laws is one major theory developed by the government to reduce power extravagance.The Algerian government has ensured that ratified courts do not oversee crimes related to violation of human rights. A counsel has also been developed based on the countrys laws to cope with cases related to human trafficking. In conclusion, industrial revolution and human trafficking are the major developmental problems in Algeria and they are associ ated with most of the pecuniary and social problems in the country. However, in the recent past the government has developed several developmental theories to eradicate the problems.ReferencesRussell Brown, Lester. Eco-Economy, James & James / Earthscan.ISBN 1-85383-904- (2005)Eric Hobsbawm, The Age of transition Europe 17891848, Weidenfeld & Nicolson Ltd. ISBN 0-349-10484-0Hudson, Pat. The Industrial Revolution, Oxford University Press US. ISBN 0-7131-6531-6 1998Deane, Phyllis. The First Industrial Revolution, Cambridge University Press 1998

Globalization & world Essay

In general terms, orbiculateization refers to the economical, ethnical and societal changes, which atomic number 18 experienced in the whole world as a precede of integrated and common trade, transport and communication network systems. The whole final result of globalization is complex with potential debates on its causes and effects ranging from technological to social- cultural and political factors.Although globalization has been associated with many positive impacts to the society and the world at large, the negative consequences cannot be ignored because of their far reaching effects to the mint in the world. This paper seeks to discuss the wellness problems caused by globalization. It in addition gives some of the solutions to this problem. As the whole world is increasingly becoming interconnected, clement health is becoming more complex. For instance, globalization has changed the lifestyle of masses.It can be apprehended that modern behavioral changes such(prenom inal) as the smoking, unhealthy diet, lack of physiological activities and increasingly last use of illegal drugs, which are factors attributed to globalization, are risking human health and hence increasing the chances of low lifespan (Guindon, & Pang, 2004). Globalization has also resulted to the surfacebreak and spread of infectious diseases. This is evidenced in the recent out break of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and its rapid spread in the modern world hence imposing a risk of global pandemic (Guindon, & Pang, 2004).Further to this, the enhanced global movements of goods and people admit contributed amicably to the spread of diseases. For example, the advancement of canned food production, trade and increasingly blue consumption has facilitated the spread of food born diseases. Behavioral changes associated with global worming such as sexual immoralities (increased sex tourism) in the modern society have contributed to the spread of HIV and AIDS which has been declar ed as a global epidemic (Huynen, et al 2005).In addition to this, modern society is experiencing high teenage pregnancies which results to health complications. One of the solutions to the negative impacts of globalization to health is by promoting health education in the society. Education will empower people to understand the effects of different lifestyles, which include foods consumed. (Wamala & Kawachi 2007). Further to this, the society should discourage unhealthy behaviors through appropriate legislation and public awareness.In determination therefore, globalization has far reaching effects to health which should be intercommunicate at international levels for the common good of all people in the world. ? Bibliography Guindon, E, & Pang, T 2004, Globalization and risks to health, viewed 21 prideful 2010, Huynen, et al, 2005, Globalization and Health, viewed 21 August 2010, Wamala, S, & Kawachi, I 2007, Globalization and Health, Oxford University Press, New York.

Pakistan Of My Dreams

Dreams are natural. That is why everyone in this orb is given to dream. One always makes a plan ab step to the fore his future. So I have a Pakistan of my dreams which would be different fro the present one. First amour it would be a Pakistan in which there will be no racism communalism and provincialism. First of all I would root out communalism any(prenominal) its shape or from may be. All such tendencies which fan the forces of sequestration and disruption would be eliminated. Unity will be celebrated.Next I fate Pakistan to be scientifically advanced, technologically better and agriculturally sound. I would like to pass on a Pakistan where science and scientific ideas and not the blind faith and fanaticism, naked emotionalism and coarse sentimentalism would rule. I would like to bring Pakistan at the crown of scientific and technological progress. The Pakistan of my dreams would be a Pakistan which is self-importance sufficient in food All the waste and barren lands would be cultivated for achieving self sufficiency in food grains.Agriculture would be given special economic aid because agriculture is the base of Pakistan economy. An agrarian revolution would be brought about by launching intensive agricultural programmes and farmers would be asked to use better seeds and fertilizers. I would like the farming to be highly industrialized. This is the age of machines and industrialization of the arena is a must if the country is to taken to the zenith of progress and prosperity with out industry the country cannot make progress. I would also strengthen Pakistans defense.The country would e so strong that no enemy would ever presume to cast her covetous eyes on the sacred soil of Pakistan. apology and security of the country would be of paramount importance. For this the country would be weaponed with all the paraphernalia of modern defense. Abolition of ignorance and illit eoncy would be my attached endeavours, because these are a curse. People would be educated on a mass scale then the system of democracy would be workable. The beside thing which I would like to see in Pakistan of my dreams would be the abridgement of the gap between the rich and the poor.National income would be disturbed rationally among he sections of the society. Provision of food housing and clothing to one and all would be given top priority in the Pakistan of my dreams. For achieving and accomplishing this socialism would be the moreover remedy which if practiced sincerely would really usher Pakistan in an era of economic equality. Thus Pakistan would really be counted among the leading powerful countries of the world and would also guide those countries which are still slaves of big powers.

Skills Management and Conceptual Skills

Introduction Research by Robert L. Katz found that postulaters regard three basic and master(prenominal) skills technical, kind and conceptual. What is more, these three skills argon comparatively essential to get laidrs who argon at different levels that include first-line, middle, glide by vigilance positions. There go away be a discussion most the splendour of conceptual skills that atomic number 18 needed by on the hearty managers at in all levels, especially by backsheesh level of managers. The purpose of this strive is to position and discuss the importance of conceptual skills that summit managers atomic number 18 required to demonstrate.The essay ordain state why conceptual skills are non so important as much as decline managers by means of around supporting evidences,why conceptual skills become more important in top care positions than in other positions, and how top managers use conceptual skills in reality. At the end of essay, a conclusion the m ajor findings provide be provided. 1 Conceptual skills mean the competency to think and to conceptualize about synopsis and complex situations (Katz, R. L, 1974). It is different from technical skills and valet skills.Technical skills tend to be more essential for lower-level managers because they should nourish the job specific hit the sackledge and techniques to manage the figure of non-managerial people (Katz, R. L, 1974). For example, accounts turn outable managers should know accounting rules and standardized forms very(prenominal) well so that they terminate solve hassles which relevant to accounting fields. Whereas, human skills are important for managers at all levels, because every manager should imbibe ability to range well with other people individually and in a group, all of managers deal directly with people.They should build cooperative pump and motivate other workers. For example, first-line managers of food servicing company should communicate with prod ucers to know how everything is going and where they should improve, so effective talking is very necessary to the whole company for any level of managers (Robbins, S. P, 2011). Even though conceptual skills are non so important as much as lower managers, it does not mean lower managers do not use conceptual skills. In some situations, some of their works are related to conceptual abilities.It is little for mid-level managers, and it is not very required for first-level managers. While these lower-level managers should to a fault ready decisions to solve problems in some complex problems in their managerial fields. Whereas Katz thought that lower-level managers publicly spend relative more time dealing with unmistakable objects and processes, barely upper-level managers often deal with abstract and complex ideas. So top managers responsibility matches conceptual skills, because top managers should derive make-up-wide decisions and return the goals and plans that stir the e ntire organization (Robbins, S.P, 2011). That is why top managers are suppositious not to only pay attention to small things, they should be leaders and put on conceptual skills to lead the whole company to get more clams and access to success. Turn to lower-level managers, first-line managers are the lowest level of direction, they coordinate the work of people who are non-managerial employees, such as producers. While middle managers manage the work of first-line managers (Robbins, S. P, 2011).Therefore, first-line managers should have special skills like technical skills, so that they deal know how to supervise those producers to produce technicals. 2 Conversely, conceptual skills are in all likelihood some of the most important heed skills, which are very important to top managers especially. Katz proposed that these skills become more essential in top management positions. The reason for this is that top managers often deal with abstract ideas, and they are liable for making organization-wide decisions and establishing the goals and plans that affect the entire organization.While conceptual skills can be expound the ability to conceptualize about abstract time, they must see the organization as a whole and clear about the complicated relationships amid various subunits. Then these abilities are essential to effective decision-making. So from the comment of conceptual skills, top managers should have many necessary skills, first is problem solving, they need to combine the whole organization together and use headmaster skills in practice to find how a party will be and what it will be like.The second key probably is study as a whole, so it is related to conceptualize about things. So they will not treat an organization as a part of the manufacturing, feeling the organization as a whole can help managers make decision or do something effectively. Conceptual skills also include productive thinking, which needs managers should have creative i deas, no matter for human management or the whole part management. In another word, conceptual skill is the ability to think in terms of models, frameworks and broad relationship such as long-range plans.While technical skill has different characteristics of job performance, it does not matter at the operating and professional levels, but as employees are supposed to develop leaders responsibilities, their technical skills become proportionately less(prenominal) important, they increasingly depend on technical skills of their subordinates in many cases they have never practiced some of the technical skills that they supervise. Conceptual skill deals with ideas, whereas human skill concerns people and technical skill involves things.So conceptual skills conclude subtle how to formulate ideas, so managers who have strong conceptual skills are supposed to have cognitive abilities to solve problems creatively and effectively. Therefore they can force new products, then they can examin e a complicated give away or formulate a distinct and specific action. So when top managers make wide-decisions, conceptual skills are necessary, it will help them to do managing work easily and effectively (Glaser, R. , & Resnick, L. B, 1989). 3Mintzberg concluded ten different roles but those roles are highly interrelated. Interpersonal role should be symbolic, which is essential for top managers, because top managers are leaders, their ability is to lead, supervise and motivate workers. So during this time, conceptual skills will be used because of many complex situations with employees and employers. Informational roles need managers to have the ability to receive, collect and disseminate information. Decisional roles are typically important to top managers.In frequent time, they should do wide-making decisions, they will face many complex and abstract situations, but as a leader, they should solve these problems using their managerial skills. So they will use conceptual skill s to make decisions due to solving all of abstract situations (Robbins, S. P, 2011). Otherwise, strategical planning is necessary for top managers in reality. Planning executing is especially important, which needs managers to implement strategic planning effectively through formalizing and discipline.Managerial innovation includes total quality management. The generation of innovation results in an yield a product, service, technology, or practice that is at least new to an organisational population. Decision skills and strategic planning skills are fundamental factors of conceptual skills. For example, Facebook boss executive director Mark Zuckerberg planned to offer a search rollick like Google, he combined social and search together, people can do many things at the same place, even finding a good restaurant or learning about a good job.Facing the biggest competitor Google, Mark needs strategic planning skills to make up-to-the-minute strategies to deal with intense comp etitions this kind of complex situations. Therefore decision skills and strategic planning skills are related to conceptual skills. How do chief executive officers ( chief executive officers) use conceptual skills? They set the tone for the organization via the vision they express, decisions they make, policies they implement, and what they pay attention to, measure, and reward (Finkelstein, Hambrick, & Cannella, 2009).Those abstract situations they should face are very normal to a company. How will the members perform, how will set a correct direction, or how to coordinate relationships with s fuck offholders are complex actions they are supposed to do (Boal & Hooijberg, 2001 Hambrick & Mason, 1984 Ireland & Hitt, 1999). CEO Alan Joyce is leading change at Qantas to deal with the challenges in the airline industrys fast-moving and competitive environment. Why would Qantas be successful? Because there are many effective strategies Qantas has conducted.Firstly, they split the operati ons into separate business in order to make each of the business units more accountable. They have also been forced to look at how it can reduce its hails. Secondly, under Joyces leadership, the company has a significantly lower cost base than its ample service parent, customers are very satisfied with discount airline. Thirdly, an area where cost savings have been seen as necessary is in staffing. And the last dit is to surge fuel prices. There are many competitors to Qantas, they all take effective actions at any time.So Alan Joyce has had to deal with as he maps a road that will make Qantas to continue to operate as a successful and profitable airline around the world (Robbins, S. P, 2011). Conclusion In summarize, conceptual skills are needed by all managers at all levels, but these skills are more important in top management positions. In current business, top managers should have these skills to make wide decisions and establish the goals to lead companies to be successful. Conceptual skills represent collaborative processes at the organisational and strategic levels.The degree of leader success will depend by and large on the leaders ability to maximize the full potential of these collaborative networks. file name extension Boal KB. , Hooijberg R. (2001). Strategic leadership Moving on. The Leadership Quarterly, 11, 515550. Finkelstein S. , Hambrick DC. , Cannella AA. , Jr. (2009). Strategic leadership Theory and research on executives, top management teams, and boards. Oxford, UK Oxford University Press. Glaser, R. , Resnick, L. B. (1989). Cognitive Apprenticeship instruct the Crafts of Reading, Writing, and Mathmatics.In Knowing, learning, and instruction Essays in honor of Robert Glaser. Hillsdale, N. J L. Erlbaum Associates,453-490. Kanter, R. M. (1984). The Change Masters. London Unwin Hyman. Katz, R. L. (1974). Skills of an rough-and-ready Administrator. An HBR Classic. Harvard business review,52(5), 90-102. Retrieved from http//hbr. org/ 1974/09/skills-of-an-effective-administrator/ar/1 Peters, T. J. , Waterman, R. H. (1984). In Search of Excellence. New York Warner Books. Robbins, S. P. , R. Bergman, et al. (2009). Management. Frenchs Forest, N. S. W. , Pearson training Australia. * *