Critical evaluation of leadership theories

Critical evaluation of drawing cardship theoriesdrawing cardship is process in which a guideion givers the resolving to his pursuit and ask them to pose actions beside him. loss attracters ache both(prenominal) capabilities to trailer truck with some issue and problems and he who take the initiative c entirelyed a draw and when plurality follows him, in that respectfore it take after out as a leading. Leader is psyche who has some born qualities and whole of his followers like and assess him because of his attractership qualities. Leader is person who learns, who is enough energize and acts in such a way those people respects him and follows him, and he develop himself in such way that become empower with authorities and recognize givements.Leaders have some born qualities and these qualities assured him to be a attracter and lead a team. Some of his skills ar born, but some of them he adopts from the day life and from past experiences. jibe to Mitchell (2 008) attractionship has been seen as the decoct of throng processes, as the personality attribute, as art of inducing compliance, as an exercise of influence, as a particular kind of act, as a form of persuasion, as power social intercourse, as an instrument in the improvement of the goals, as an effective of interaction, as a divers(prenominal)iated role and as the initiation of structure.According to Bernard M. Bass (2006)An interaction in the midst of two or more members of a group that often involves a structuring or restructuring of the point and the perceptions and expectation of the members.Effective leadinghip ever tries to achieve the goals of the organizations smartly, and completion of alone business lines is guaranteed by effective leadinghip. leading has a classical memoir and in a flash this is a moderne way of directing the organizations and worry of these organizations. Leader is person who motives these followers and become a famous person because o f his leadinghip qualities, leader is pulp of some(prenominal) organizations how meets with other people and directs them as a figure head. Leader is person who manages the managers in fact leaders have some attributes of managers in his leading so leaders ar someone who directs the managers. In big organizations leaders move around international in international companies and on small level leaders be meant to be as figure head.Ingredients of leadershipLeaders moldiness have the following ingredients at bottom them (Kondalkar 2009). competency to use power effectivelyA born leader inherit power and he lasts how to use it, he also know the legitimate way of using this power, by this is become successful to achieve expert power, referent power, reward and coercive power . This ability makes him compulsory.Ability to encompassPeople of civilization have disparate idea and behaviors and these mood and behaviors changes with clock, to understand these natures is a tough t ask, but one successful leader essential have this comprehended ingredient in him. This ability to comprehend his followers gives him more respect among his flowers and they start believing him more because leader is more into their personal lives to understand their expectations.Ability to inspireFollowers ever tries to perform according to their leader and they get inspire from him, he is does is always in the nonice of his followers. People get inspire by the devotion, magnetized personality and his appeal in the favor of their willing.Leadership agencyIn the leadership style firstly, leader must be devoted to his displeasure to lead his people and secondly he must create the ace of motivation among his followers. He must develop a way where he can influence his followers for the effective and efficient performance. He should indentify what leadership traits must be there in the personality of a leader and how to use these leadership abilities and skills.If we talk about the leadership style then it is most important to talk about the skills these leaders have. Mainly these skills ar categories into three main parts that are useable in different levels and functions (Kondalkar 2009).Human skillsOne leader must be human to his followers, this skills is concern with interpersonal relations with his subordinated and all the other persons who are in relation with leader. A leader influences, motivates and ask his followers to be obedient on all his rational sayings.Conceptual skillsThis skill revolves around the strategic and authoritative level this kinds ability is useful in taking long lineinus and in strategic planning. As all followers considers the leader an potent personal so they all thinks him reliable to believe on.Technical skillsA leader must be sound dear(p) in skilful skills, by this the subordinates have trust that their leaders knows all and can take out them from any technical fault happens in organization.Leadership styles and theoriesFollowings are different types of leadership styles which are actually implementation of classical and modern leadership theories. extensive manTo answer the question what is the difference between leadership and in an individual? Great man surmise came up. This possible action gives foundation to all theories. The foundation or the critical point of this opening was all leaders are great man and all of them come from a nobel and social background, all these great man are good planner, coordinators, achievers, organizers and controllers.After Great Man speculation philosopher tried to joint some traits to leadership theories. So, as a result trait theory came up. property TheoryTrait theory is basically come from the foundation of Great man theory. In great man theory it has been discussed that all the leaders have some born qualities and in trait theory philosophers tries to name those qualities and skills (Stogdill, 1974). These skills are the main objective of this t heory. It says that leader and some traits and skills with them. Every theory have some assumption with it, traits theory have following assumptions associated with it it says that it is sham that leaders are born with inherit traits, these traits are part of their give birth personalities and which distinguish them from others, the good leaders adopt some of traits and skills by the quantify they become leaders.Autocratic Leadership styleIn these style leaders uses downwards communication style from leaders to subordinates. This style is applicable when there is quick decisiveness is required and large number of un-skills employees are there. In this style suggestions from employees are not being entertained (Lewin 1939).Participative Leadership mannerThis is democratize kind of style, here leaders involves their followers in to the decision making process and all the decision taken by the leaders are participative by their followers. A leader motivates his employees to take de cisions and he entertains their suggestions. This style encourages employees to impart with more efforts.Free rein style Leadership pathIn the style leader allows his teams to take decisions at their own and work freely. It gives the grit of responsibility and authority to the teams and they feel good to work at their own. perplexity GridManagement grid has two directionsManagement have concern of people, andManagement concern of productionAll together it contributes 81 different leadership styles. Following graph entails this model.picture_blake_mouton_managerial_grid.gifFive main leadership styles indentified by gird areImprovised management flair They go under less effort but tries to get work done. This is sort of unoccupied approach.Coun quiz Club management Style present the management tries to second the employees to get their job done, management want that all the organizational objectives must meet so they care about the employees.Middle of the Road Style Organizat ion-Man Management on that point is balance in between the efforts and people at work. Here labors or the staffs dont put much effort to get the job done but still they can put more efforts. throw or perish Style Authority-Obedience Management In the style of management there is a strong focus on task, but not much concern about the people at work and ardor (wherever possible) of people is also part of this style.Team Style Team Management Here people are committed to work as teams (Blake Mouton, 1964) citied by Alan Bryman, A. (1986).Contingency approach to leadershipIt says that no leadership style is prehend in all kind of situations. They need to change their selves from time to time and situation tot situation. It depends upon the different variable to take the responsibilities and to change their behaviors.According to Martin, B. (2006) Any situation plays a large part in find qualities and the leader in situation and the leadership qualities and the product of previou s leadership situation that molded individual.Path-Goal theoryThis theory accompanies contingency and situational leadership theory but in path-Goal theory has some different variables which are important in leadership. Path-Goal theory can be delimit as this is all about leaders who motivate their followers to accomplish the goals and tasks asked them to complete (Rowe, W. Guerrero, L. 2010).SubordinatesObstacles In the path goal leadership, a leader makes it possible to motivate followers to accomplish the task and ask their followers to walk finished these defined paths to achieve goals and objectives. Leader thinks to clarify the goals and task so that a followers easily get their defined goals. Path-Goal theory can be clear up through flowering diagram.Goal / Productivity Path PathPath-Goal LeadershipDefines GoalsClarify pathsRemoves obstaclesProvide support charismatic leadershipAccording to Walden, M. Thoms, P. (2007) personal magnetismtic Leadership describes a style o f leadership that is inspiring and stimulating.These leaders attract and influence their follower by their charm and personality. Some of assumptions are associated with charismatic leadership that is as follows They have charm and grace in their personalities that influences followers. They are agency and have belief on their selves. Charismatic leader makes their group of people and make them prominent and different from other group of people and they stick to these groups and become leaders of that group.Transactional Theory and Transformational TheoryBass (2006) says that transformational leaders always influence their followers and get respect and admiration.There are few assumptions of this theoryPeople must aware of the responsibilities and importance of the work.They must work in teams to enhance productivity.Ruth Chambers. R, (2007) Transactional leadership concerns maintenance and observe of a pre-existing service, having an functional rather than a strategic focus.Ther e are few assumptions if transactional theories areTeams must be motivated through rewards and punishments.One should have social relationships to have great command.Their sole resolve must be that they work what they have asked to do.Part Two take in leadership approaches relevant for the 21st century, drawing on theories and tools as expert by leading international organizations.Leadership models and competency frame kit and boodleIn different organization different model of leadership are being operational and they have sat their own competency frame work. Some of noteworthy organizational and their competency frame works are as follows.To figure out leadership models and competency frame work we can describe in through following examples.Minnesota Mining Manufacturing Co. (3M)MINNESOTA MINING AND MANUFACTURING CO (3M) has defined leadership and competency model in such a way.Funda intellectual Leadership CompetenciesEssential Leadership CompetenciesVisionary Leadership Compe tenciesIt shows that these competencies whitethorn be shown by the individual at the time of hiring and with time it real by individuals progression.It must show commitment and integrity to the bodily value of the organization.It must be capable of handling technical situations and also fetch clearly and concisely.Must have sound knowledge to deal with the corporate challenges.It shows that now individual will develop essential skills as he becomes the part or department and the unit.It gives the value to customer and makes customer happy.Here they selects and retain the developed staff and work force and respects their piece and individuality.Motivation and encouragements may be provided to upgrade their moral and their performances.Here 3M leaders bear to assume that the level of responsibility is high.They are now works globally and taking care of visionary aspects.This global leaders works globally in multicultural environments.These leaders make long term strategic plan to pursue a common goals and objectives.They also try to support the innovations and new experiments.New business alliances also build by 3M.They try to take advantage of maximum use of resources.FedEx Leadership CompetenciesFedEx has a system for rating aspiring leaders according to 9 attributesCharismaIndividual considerationIntellectual stimulationCourageDependabilityflexiblenessIntegrityJudgmentRespect for others Shell Global Leadership CompetenciesThe Leadership Framework used by Shell includes nine lynchpin elements as indicated belowBuilds Shared VisionChampions Customer FocusMaximizes Business OpportunitiesDemonstrates headmaster MasteryDisplays Personal EffectivenessDemonstrates CourageMotivates, Coaches DevelopsValues DifferencesDelivers ResultsThese above key attributes are parts of leadership competency framework. Leadership Qualities requiredA good leader should possess certain qualitiesIntelligenceA leader should be intelligent that he foresee problems and gives solut ions to these problems in a knowing way.Communicative SkillsA leader should have effective communication skills he should communicate clearly and precisely. He must look into what ways of communications are suitable at what time.ObjectivityA leader should be impartial and not to be bias on any situation of decision making.Knowledge of workA leader must possess sound knowledge of work, he must know what is he pass to do and must consider his leadership skills.Human RelationsA leader should be good in making relation wrong and outside the organization. He must keep good public relations. ego Confidence and Will-PowerA good leader is people who have confidence on himself and will power of combating with every situation.EmpathyGood leader must have empathy to his followers and he must respect the view points of others. brain of ResponsibilityA good leader must keep the sense of responsibility he should not lose temper in any situation and present himself as a good leader in front of others with sound authority and responsibility.AwarenessA good leader is always proves good leader when he keep looking his strengths and weakness, he must overcome on his weakness as soon as possible to present himself well aware leader.Sound health and toughnessA leader must have sound health, both mental sanity and physical fitness to combat with the situations that are coming ahead. goalLeaders are born not made, seems to be true as leader come up with their own notions and skills, it can be seen from the history too, as some great leader were meant to be great and they had all leadership qualities but with the time these leaders polishes their skills. They learn from the experiences and from the past examples.