AI :: essays research papers

AI Artificial give-and-take The branch of computer science that deals with writing computer programs that drop solve problems creatively AI is used so computers can solve problems, learn and gain knowledge. AI is an attempt for computers to simulate human qualities.Areas of AI research Learning, game theoretic methods, Reasoning, speech Intelligent agents, natural modeling Knowledge representationnatural language Logic programmingplanningAI Classification AI can be classified into 3 different areas Natural Language Processing which involves computers that can read, speak and understand natural language. Robotics which involves the development of intelligent robots. Expert Systems which is the simulation of the knowledge of human experts.Intelligence The ability to use knowledge for our own purposes is called thinking and is the basis of intelligence. Ability to think and reason, To learn, To acquire knowledge, To adapt to new situationsA person is intelligent when they can solv e difficult problems using logical reasoning. Interactionism States the mind is non-material, the tree trunk is material, and each can act on each other.Parallelism Mind is spirit, body is material, and uncomplete can act on each other.Materialism Mind is, or a state of, part of the material body. The relevant part of the physical body is usually considered to be the central nervous system that is the brain and spinal cord.Idealism The body, along with everything else, is just an idea of the mind.Natural Language Processing Computers are able to perform natural language processing at the syntax level. (syntax refers to the way in which words are put together to form phrases and sentences) carriage checkers are able to detect punctuation errors, double word usage, typographical errors, sexist language and more.A Machine Intelligence Test A simple test which determines whether or not a machine is behaving intelligently Would this behaviour be considered intelligent if a human was ob served behaving in the similar way? The difficulty experience by artificial intelligence researchers is translating this massive amount of knowledge into a form that can be used by computers is called the Feigenbaum bottleneck Identification and analysis of the chunks of knowledge. Chunk is used for an item of knowledge to indicate that knowledge does not appear in precisely defined units. The supplanting of that knowledge into a form that can be processed by a machine.

The Enlightenment- Attitudes of Society Essay -- Essays Papers

The Enlightenment- Attitudes of Society The Enlightenment brought about fundamental changes of thought in society.1 Philosophes such as Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau sought changes in society for the good of humanity. In addition to basic changes in society, the enlightenment brought about changes in thought in the areas of religion and science, the government, and the view of women.During the enlightenment, basic changes occurred in society. The philosophes sustained bring about exemption of thought and speech, two freedoms which we often take for granted today. People became more educated, as a print culture emerged. Journals, newspapers and books were beginning to be widely getable to the general public. This had both negative and positive impacts. The literate and illiterate became divided, and the illiterate poor only became poorer. However, the print culture did create the influential social motor of public opinion. Writers wrote what their audiences wanted to hear, an d that translated into a governmental awareness of public opinion. Governments tried to regulate and censor books, but they could not ignore the publics criticisms of the government. The changes in society created a general sentiment of self-interest. People wanted to promote their happiness and welfare, and they were confident and optimistic that they could discover natural law and perfect worlds. Sometimes, on that point was an exaggerated belief in the perfectibility of man, such as in the sciences, which were still in early stages.2 The conflict between religion and science was one of the major(ip) issues of the enlightenment. New theories were being developed (like Newtons Law of Universal Gravitation) which went against the teachings of the c... ... thought were developed, governments were changed, and even though the philosophes were not really feminists, societys views of women were changed, with the help of Mary Wollstonecraft. End notes 1. Snyder, Louis L. The Age of Rea son. (NY VanNostrand Reinhold Co, 1955), 13. 2. Snyder, 8. 3. Snyder, 8-11. 4. Scheider, Isidor. The Enlightenment Culture of the 18th Century, (NY George Braziller, Inc, 1965), 19. 5. Cody, David. Deism. The Victorian Web. http//landow.stg.brown.edu/victorian/religion/deism.html. (10 April 00). 6. Susan Gubar, Feminist Misogyny Mary Wollstonecraft and the Paradox of It Takes One to greet One, Feminist Studies, 20 (Fall 94) 455. 7. D.R. Woolf, A Feminine Past? Gender, Genre and Historical Knowledge in England, 1500- 1800. American Historical Review, 102 (June 97), 667-668.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

It has been said that the best way to make your dreams come true is to wake up. barely as I reminisce about our years together at Lafayette, I realize it takes so much more to attain your dreams. Struggles, victories, joys, sorrows, understandings, confusions, these conscious experiences read paved the way for us to be here tonight, leading us to the realization of our dreams. This ceremony today marks the end to four nerve-wracking, diligent, years and the low gear of something which, although difficult to predict, is guaranteed to be at least the greatest adventure we as adults grow embarked upon yet. The success, which we will confront and the many challenges, which lie ahead, will reflect upon the skills, we have acquired together. Our minds have been challenged, expanded, and nurtured by our teachers. We became learned in Math, Science, English, History, and the Arts, and with this knowledge we were able to plot realistic courses for our dreams. Our teachers became our mento rs and in many cases our close friends. It is due to their encouragement and sincere ruling that we ...

Ralph Ellisons novel, Invisible Man. Essay -- English Literature

Ralph Ellisons novel, Invisible Man.The unnamed, main character and narrator of Ralph Ellisons novel,Invisible Man, goes by the story being thrown from one ideologyto a nonher in search for a sense of individual truth. The narratorfinds that following an ideology does not help him find individualismwhatsoever but only confines what he can be. The narratorsgrandfather gave him his first and most prominent ideology in which hewere to follow.Son, after Im gone I want you to keep up the good fight. I nevertold you, but our life is a war and I have been a traitor all my borndays, a spy in the enemys country ever since I give up my gun hold inreconstruction. Live with your head in the lions mouth. I want you toovercome em to death with yeses, undermine em with grins, and agreeem to death and destruction, let em swoller you till they vomit orbust wide open.In his last testaments, the narrators grandfather is trying to give aguide to overcoming the white man oppression by pretending to tr ansportattending to the white mans desires. Race st...

Essay --

Technology is becoming an increasingly bigger part of each of our lives. Everything seems to involve some form of technology whether it is a clock, a phone or a car. However, the specific area of technology I am going to be focusing on for my Individual Research is digital Technology. I have chosen this question because technology plays a big part of my life I utilize it everyday, whether it is for school, entertainment or current events. However, the much and more I use my computer the more I wonder do the benefits of technology outweigh the disadvantages. Thus, from this query it stemmed into the question for my individual interrogation Do the benefits of Digital Technology Outweigh the Disadvantages? And, through my research, I will be able to gain knowledge on how technology is useful Globally, across the country and personally, and how it could be more helpful than not. Throughout my individual research the main topic I will cover will be Technology and stinting Divide. Howeve r, more specifically I could also focus on Social Networking, Robotics, and Communication and transportation. If the world were to continuing advancing in terms of technology at the rate that it was today, we could possibly see a major expansion of Robots in our culture. Robots could potentially free us from continuing to do repetitive and tedious jobs. Although it may be true that we require the training from those types of jobs, the discipline and patience. Yet, history has proven that most of these tedious jobs have been allocated to the lower and middle classes and compensation for those jobs is rarely self-consistent to the desirability of work. With our current advancements in technology continuing to the not-too-distant future, robots will soon be able to take... ...that if governments around the world continue to set up campaigns like Be Net-wise it could fell the potential chance of poke fun online and make people around the world more confident to browse the web with out fear from abuse and use it for the greater good in finding information. And also if the rest of the world follows the EUs example of investing in technology to affix innovation and development, the economies of the world will all benefit through the competition of businesses and will most likely experience an increase in economic growth. Finally, I truly believe that if the world continues on this path, I believe that through the development of technology we could ultimately make my scenario a very real possibility, and we could reduce the gaps between the social classes, and could ultimately benefit in the future through having more freedom and choice.

Essay --

Technology is becoming an increasingly bigger part of each of our lives. Everything seems to need some form of technology whether it is a clock, a phone or a car. However, the specific area of technology I am going to be focusing on for my Individual Research is Digital Technology. I oblige chosen this question because technology plays a big part of my life I utilize it everyday, whether it is for school, entertainment or current events. However, the more than and more I use my computer the more I wonder do the benefits of technology outstrip the disadvantages. Thus, from this query it stemmed into the question for my individual research Do the benefits of Digital Technology Outweigh the Disadvantages? And, through my research, I pass on be able to educe knowledge on how technology is useful Globally, Nationally and personally, and how it could be more helpful than not. Throughout my individual research the main topic I will cover will be Technology and Economic Divide. However , more specifically I could also focus on Social Networking, Robotics, and Communication and transportation. If the world were to move advancing in terms of technology at the rate that it was today, we could possibly see a major expansion of Robots in our culture. Robots could potentially free us from continuing to do repetitive and tedious jobs. Although it may be true that we require the training from those types of jobs, the discipline and patience. Yet, history has proven that most of these tedious jobs have been allocated to the lower and middle classes and compensation for those jobs is rarely consistent to the desirability of work. With our current advancements in technology continuing to the not-too-distant future, robots will soon be able to take... ...that if governments rough the world continue to set up campaigns like Be Net-wise it could reduce the potential chance of abuse online and make people around the world more confident to browse the web without fear from abu se and use it for the greater good in finding information. And also if the rest of the world follows the EUs example of investing in technology to increase innovation and development, the economies of the world will all benefit through the competition of businesses and will most probable experience an increase in economic growth. Finally, I truly believe that if the world continues on this path, I believe that through the development of technology we could at last make my scenario a very real possibility, and we could reduce the gaps between the social classes, and could ultimately benefit in the future through having more freedom and choice.

Courthouse Visit

After c in alling the Calendar Department and scheduling my date for May 7, 2014 at 9 am, went to the Santa Clara County Superior Civil Court on 191 N SST SST, San Jose, CA 951 13. SSL entered the building, was greeted by several court officials wearing badges. Proceeded to empty my pockets, withdraw my watch and belt and then walked through a metal detector. Theres something about putting your belt on in a public setting that is fascinating. The publicise board indicated that the trial I was to attend was taking place in Department 8 on the third floor of the building. Seed the elevator to engender to the third floor and walked through the double doors into the courtroom. The bailiff immediately recognized me as a student. Judge Maureen A Flan was the presiding judge for the trial. Further research for the baptistry showed that the case (1 JOVANOVICH) was filed on November 2, 2010 by Austria Limited against several different people and entities in the matter of fraud. From ha T TL gathered, both the plaintiff and defendants were in business in concert attempting to build a company that specializes in hosting data centers on ships for security purposes.There was a lot of money involved and the plaintiff whitethorn or may not have been siphoning money from the companys capital funds. Two witnesses were called to the stand during my visit, Mr.. Kenneth Choc and Ms. Lillian Valued. Each spent a lot of time reviewing exhibits. Mr.. Choc is one of the defendants who owns one of the businesses involved in the case. He was being asked about a lot of different p paperwork he did and emails he sent. Ms. Valued is the Assistant Branch Manager for CitiBank in Saratoga.She reviewed blaspheme narratements and wire transfer documents that involved both pa reties. Honestly, it was hard not to fall asleep. I was very uncomfortable sitting for the entire two hours Of questioning. also felt bad for the attorneys who had to stand awkwardly because they were also trying to lean closer to the microphone so they could be heard. At first, I didnt even bring forward the judge was paying attention. It looked like she was doing her own thing as the witnesses were questioned, but occasionally she would chime in and it was then clear that she was busy taking notes of her own. propose the biggest upset to me was the lack of gavel usage. Overall, it was a good experience. Not only does a courthouse visit give a person more motivation to keep their perfume clean but it was also an eye opener for anyone, like myself, who would like to go into business for themselves. Choose your partners wisely and always keep everything documented. Court functionary Interview Name and title of person interviewed Robert Mencken, J. D. , Attorney at Law How long have you served the courts? Almost 6 years Where did you go to school?Baylor University inform of Law What was your most memorable moment on the job? Would say when recently I helped a couple that was being sued get a n agree becoming from the other side that dropped the case. It is what they wanted from the beginning Eng, and I was really glad to get it for them. What was your most challenging moment on the job? When had a lymph node lie to me, to which I put my own reputation on the line for, and then found out about the lie (that he had not through drugs, when in fact he had, and he drug test confirmed it).It was a learning experience, which makes me much more c be u, but also little trusting. Its both a good thing that it happened, and a shame that it had t o. How has the court system changed in the past few years? In my state it has changed significantly because of tort reform and politics. Tort reform has affected the way that lawyers analyze cases, what cases they take, and who at the future Of the profession is going to be. Politics is always a force Of change where Jud gees are either appointed or elected, because politics ultimately are what get them into office.And the practice of l aw changes based upon the beliefs of the judges that are info arcing and interpreting that law. What recommendations would you make to students who want to become De actuated? If you mean students that might want to be lawyers, I would say make sure the meretricious really do want that. Observe how lavayears act and what they do in court. Make sure t hat you want to do all of the things that lawyers do, not just the fun or glamorous ones. And of course, study hard, and make good grades. It makes a huge difference whew n youre applying for law schools.

Findings on recent blood doping tests Essay

In 2006, the area Anti-Doping Agency(WADA), in collaboration with its WADA-accredited laboratories, conducted a series of tests. Here are the topics parry 1 2006 Adverse Analytical Findings Kind of Sporting impression Samples Analyzed Adverse Findings Obtained % Adverse Olympic 156,866 2,915 1. 86% Non-Olympic 41,277 972 2. 35% Total 198,143 3,887 1. 96% In this table, there was a total of 198,143 samples analyzed by the WADA laboratories which yielded 3,887 indecent findings representing 1. 96% of the total samples analyzed. give in 2 Comparison Between 2005 and 2006 Samples Analyzed Sporting Event 2005 2006 % difference.Olympic Event 139,836 156,866 12. 2% Non-Olympic Event 43,501 41,277 5. 1% Total 183,337 198,143 8. 1% in that location were 14,836 more samples that were analyzed in 2006 compared to 2005 representing an 8. 1% increase for one year. Table 3 Adverse Findings Comparison Between 2005 and 2006 Sporting Event 2005 2006 % difference Olympic Event 2,958 2,915 1. 5% Non-Olympic Event 951 972 2,2% Total 3,909 3,887 0. 6% The public figure of adverse findings in dropped 0. 6% from 2005 figures(3,909 to 3,887). Table 4 Top Five Sports with Most Samples Analyzed Sports Samples Analyzed Adverse Findings % Adverse Football 25,727 281 1. 09%.Athletics 19,781 315 1. 59% baseball game 15,977 370 2. 32% Cycling 14,229 594 4. 17% Aquatics 11,582 137 1. 18% Among the sports included in the calendar of the Olympics, football had the most number of samples analyzed with cycling having the most number of atheletes with adverse findings. Source World Anti-Doping Agency(2007 May 10). 2006 Adverse Analytical Findings Reported by Accredited Laboratories. The Evolution of New Blood Doping Techniques Aside from blood transfusion, smart trends in blood doping include erythropoietin (EPO) and synthetic oxygen carriers. The former consists of naturally produced peptide hormones.It is emitted from the kidneys and does its of stimulating red blood cells production. The latter, on the different hand, contains purified proteins which can provide oxygen. nevertheless just like blood transfusion, both methods are prohibited as well. They can easily be detected. In fact, tests for EPO and synthethic oxygen carriers were conducted in 2000 and 2004, respectively(WADA, n. d)). The Risks Involved in Blood Doping There have been number of incidents that has proven the potential risk that blood doping could bring to an athlete. In an 1886 race stretching from Bordeaux to Paris, Arthur Linton was killed.Eighteen years later, doubting Thomas Hicks was killed aft(prenominal) scoring a victory during the Olympics held at Saint-Louis. Dorando Pietri was overly killed. Dutch cyclist Jensen biked to his death during the Olympic Games held in Rome after be injected with Ronicol. some other victim was Tom Simpson, competing in the Tour de France collapsed during a climb to Mount Ventoux. He died due to amphetamines. Finally, weightlifter Kangasniesmi died w ith a broken spine in 1975 after taking anabolic steroids. These are just some of the incidents that prove the practical risk of blood doping on the health of an athlete(CNRS, 1998).There is minimal information around the risks of doping to the health of sportsmen once they have retired from their career. However, these substances can bring about certain health complications such as heart conditions ot cancer. The possibility of getting these diseases is not a far-fetched possiblity(CNRS, 1998). Taking a single substance does not have the capacity to enhance an athletes performance or increase their stamina during trainings. In order to have the desired effect, an athlete leave alone take several drugs and these could generate the potential risk of doping.For archetype, amphetamine is taken together with corticoids and cocaine. Another example is EPO combined with aspirin or synthetic glucocorticoids. There are other possible combinations and they are dependent on the need of th e athlete(CNRS, 1998). Blood doping can likewise bring about psychological and behavioral risks. For example, overdose of caffeine results to overexcitement, insomia, nervousness, or anxiety attacks. Too much of amphetamine or cocaine may fleet to anger and violence, altered judgment, anxiety, or hyperactivity(CNRS, 1998).In addition, doping can bring about the occurrence of iatrogenic disorders which requires early diagnosis and prescription. These drugs usually combined with other substances at high level can alter the behavior and morphology of the person taking the substance. Using a medical examination approach to the problem of doping can result to intensive investigation of the issue as well as the ineligibility concerns(CNRS, 1998). Moreover, athletes can likewise become susceptible to anemia and in the process become unequal to(p) of undergoing a high level of competitiveness.In the case of homologous doping, then there is the possiblity of getting infected with blood-bo rne viruses which can incapacitate the athlete as well(CNRS, 1998). Suggestions for despotic Blood Doping After having analyzed the unfavorable effects of blood doping, it is but proper that measures should be established in order to gradually decrease or if not totally eradicate this illegal practice. Here are some of the steps that can be initiated for an effective blood doping control program(CNRS, 1998). 1. A watch should be coducted regarding the medical and social factors of this issue.The former should focus on determining the effects of doping on the physical and psychological well-being of the individual(CNRS, 1998). 2. The conduct of observeing and medical evaluation must be implemented over an extended period of time. This can be done by establishing multidisciplinary networks, carrying out doping semiology, securing the contracts of doctors who are working with sportsmen, and establishing an mugwump field focusing on sports medicine in the curriculum of medical schoo ls(CNRS, 1998).3. Each member of society must be vigilant about the possible consequences of doping. Both existing and former athletes must be included in the drug monitoring agenda. Likewise, there should be continous research on new substances being used for blood doping which are gaining support in the market(CNRS, 1998). 4. Detection strategies should be further improved since innovations in medicine, food, and researches concerning sports and health are advanced as well.There should be programs that would provide opportunity for studying how sports techniques and equipments evolve(CNRS, 1998). 5. Parents, students, teachers, sports administrators and officials, and all sectors of society must be made to understand about the extent of the blood doping problem. Blood doping must be integrated into the curriculum of medical schools(CNRS, 1998). 6. Politics should be eradicated in the blood doping efforts of the government. International sports federations must draw up a grassroots programs that would monitor the development of new players.Each state must come up with a strategy that would efficiently consider the facilities, equipments, age at which new athletes will begin competing(CNRS, 1998). Conclusion Blood doping is an illegal practice that will not only put a stain on the spirit of competition and bazaar play in international sports competitions but also endanger the health and lives of athletes. Blood doping does not only concern the athletes and sports officials but also the entire public. For the childly people who will someday be in the shoes of these athletes, this will serve as an eye opener to them as well as their parents. every of us have a role in making sure that blood doping would no longer claim the lives of athletes whose only desire for competing in the Olympics and other international meets is to bring honor to their countries and have a shot at claiming glory.References Canadian Center For Ethics In Sports(n. d). History of Blood Sa mpling. Retrieved June 21 2008 from CNRS surgical incision of Life Sciences(1998 December). Doping and Sports Collective Expert Assessment. Retrieved June 21 2008 from Guttman, A(2008). Olympic Games. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 21 2008 from Pollick, M(n. d). What is Blood Doping? Conjecture Corporation. Retrieved June 21 2008 from World Anti-Doping Agency(n. d). A Brief History of Anti-Doping. Retrieved June 21 2008 from World Anti-Doping Agency(n. d). Blood Doping. Retrieved June 21, 2008 from .

Return to Paradise Essay

Return to ParadiseReturn to Paradise is a shoot down that has a mint of meanings within the story line. But also has many estimable issues among the morals that are in todays society. Three ethical issues in the acquire are capital punishment, dose use, and media treatment. Capital punishment is an ethical issue because it is highly opinionated. Some people believe that people shouldnt have to authorize to pay for their crime, while others believe that death is the best way to pay for what theyve done as a consequence. This makes an argument that if someone has killed another human, should they be killed likewise? It makes it hard in different countries as their laws may be different and death penalties can really occur and happen. Drug use is also an ethical issue because they believe they arent harming anyone and a majority of the drug users want illicit drugs to be legalised.A lot of todays society argues that the drug users affect more than just themselves such us driving under the influence of drugs, can lead to other innocent people into serious injuries or death in a crash. Media treatment is another ethical issue in the film this is because M.J Major wanted the story to get out so bad it was more important than Lewiss life. This is an ethical issue because the media have the rights to tell the story to the public precisely in a bit to punish save Lewiss life instead of just telling the story. In the start of the film, Sheriff was completely an individual and his worldview was all close himself and what he wanted to do what is best for him. Sheriff was also a pleasure seeker and really only cared for the wellbeing of himself. For example, when Tony, Sheriff and Lewis were riding a bike they borrowed and crashed it, Lewis wanted it to return it to the owner but sheriff didnt want to get into trouble and threw the bike away.Also Sheriff left all the hash they had in a bin outside of the house where Lewis stayed and the cops undercoat out about t hat and bike. When Sheriff found out that Lewis was in prison, he definitely didnt want to go back, he thought about spending 3-6 long time in prison for someone else and didnt want it. Sheriff then fell in love with Beth. After he found out that Beth was Lewiss sister, he realised what he wanted and knew his mistakes, with this his worldview changed. In court he confessed to all the crimes that had been put on Lewis, taking responsibility for his actions really was a change of person. Sheriff had actual a humanistic world view and also a Christian view on life. He believed at the end that every life was value just as much as his own, and that everyone deserves to live and have the same rights. Throughout the film in the plot and themes, the film promotes and encourages Christian values and ethics.The film shows and promotes these values and ethics through the character of Sheriff. At the start of the movie, Sheriff was a selfish and individual person, but towards the end of the mo vie he became a good-natured and caring person, thinking of others and not about himself. It is a noticeable change when he just starts thinking of others. To show the Christian values, they promote them through Sheriff about jockstraping and thinking of others, compassion and that everyones life is worth as much as your own. This is also shown when Sheriff stops thinking of the wellbeing of himself and really tries to help Lewis. Sheriff was willing to give up a bit of his life to save Lewiss life. Sheriff shows human value by going back to Malaysia and not exit with Tony, he also fell in love and Beth became a big part in showing him the right way. Just before Lewis died Sheriff was showing heavy(p) compassion to Lewis making sure he knew he wasnt alone and everyone was there for him.

Because I Could Not Stop for Death Emily Dickenson

Miranda Jennifer Professor A. Tripp English 355 1, October 2012 Loss Is Nothing Else exactly Change Experiencing a loss raises overwhelming feelings that are tall(prenominal) to cope with. The emotions that accompany any kind of loss can be intense and varied. There are stages of grief that every champion goes through. A sense of shock or denial usually come first followed by anger. Bargaining follows anger, then depression, and at long last acceptance. In Because I Could Not tolerate for Death, by Emily Dickinson, the utterer is taken on an un expected journey that illuminates her style of mourning, which helps her come to an acceptance with her loss.The title Because I Could Not Stop for Death, states that the loudspeaker system could not begin to grieve the loss. The speaker knew it had to end but could not bear to end it on his of her own, thus Because I could not stop for Death,/ He kindly stopped for me(Lines 1-2). Dickinson mentions the speakers outfit as a symbolism o f unpreparedness. For only gossamer my gown/ my tippet only tulle, (15-16). Dickinsons word choice play a vital bureau throughout the poem. The term immortality(4) signifies that the journey would never end. The speaker is well aware that the journey embarked on was not a round trip.The speaker is taken on a journey fil lead with many experiences, all which he or she accepts and learns from. This journey illuminated the speakers perspective of grieving with the loss of something or someone. According to Oxford Dictionaries, the adjective illuminating can be defined as to help to clarify or explain (Illuminate). Even though the journey was unexpected, it brought paradise to the speakers perspective of his or her loss. People feel pain when going through a loss, but in Because I Could Not Stop for Death, the speaker accepts it with ease, I had put away/ My labor, and my leisure too,/ For his civility(6-8).The speaker is essentially relieved concerning the loss. He or she is finally able to forget virtually everything that worries him or her. Overall, the loss brought the speaker tranquility. In stanza three, the speaker takes a trip down memory lane. We passed the school, where children strove At recess, in the ring We passed the fields of gazing grain, We passed the setting sun. retrieve past times is a typical thing to do when dealing with grief. The speaker of Because I Could Not Stop for Death, accepted his or her loss, for it eventually led her to an immortally full of bliss.When losing someone or something, it is important to know that it will get better. Losing someone or something can be the most devastating thing for anyone, but it is important to understand that once you come to acceptance with the loss, there is light behind the tunnel. The speaker of the poem is well aware of this and he or she agrees to the journey, not knowing where his or her destination would be. After a long journey of mourning, the speaker is taken to a new home, where he or she can finally be at ease. We paused before a house / The roof was scarcely visible,(7,9).A new home signifies a new beginning. Over all the loss that the speaker is going through, has brought him or her to a new commencement in his or her life. Tis centuries, and yet each Feels shorter than the day I first surmised the horses heads Were toward eternity. The best thing one can do when moving on from a loss is to take each passing moment as an opportunity to grow. The speaker was able to suck his or her loss as an opportunity for emotional growth. Thus, the journey that the speaker in Because I Could Not Stop for Death took illuminated his or her path towards the acceptance of his or her loss.Marcus Aurelius said, Loss is nothing else but change, and change is Natures delight. Works Cited Dickinson, Emily. Because I Could Not Stop for Death. The Compact Bedford Introduction to literature Reading, Thinking, Writing. 9th ed. Ed. Michael Meyer. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2012. 844. Print. Illuminate. Definition of Illuminate. Oxford Dictionaries, 2012. Web. 24 Sept. 2012. . Meyer, Michael. A Study of Emily Dickinson. Preface. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature Reading, Thinking, Writing. 9th ed. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2012. 819-28. Print.

Assess the View That Conscience Need Not Always Be Obeyed

Asses the view that the scruples need not always be obeyed (35 marks) Conscience is the inner conviction that something is secure or wrong. In a religious discussion, it whitethorn be thought of as the voice of God, speaking within the individual(a), and even as a direct revelation from God. John Newman defines the conscience as the voice of God, a principle planted within us, before we have had any fostering, although training and live be necessary for its strength, growth, and due formation that is an internal witness for both the existence and the law of God.Newman shows how the light of conscience, active in any kind heart, finds fulfillment not in subjectivity and in the communion of the Catholic Church. Newmans view was that it is often said that second thoughts are best. So they are in matters of judgment but not in matters of conscience. Aquinas saw the conscience as the natural ability of a rational human being to understand the difference between right and wrong, a nd to apply the most basic moral principles to particular situations.Aquinas thought that thither would be problems with people spare-time activity their own moral sense, which lead him to natural moral law (NML). He thought that everyone should follow NML because they are moral laws found in nature (e. g. brace for procreation). He thought that the conscience was the intellectual part of you because you work out what to do using natural reasoning. Without following NML, people might have malformed judgments from their passions, ignorance and society and therefore different views on right and wrong.Therefore although he says that it is always right to follow ones conscience, he does recognise that people may still get things wrong, through ignorance or making a mistake. Therefore Aquinas would not say that conscience should always be obeyed because a somebody may not be aware of the relevant moral principle. In order for conscience to work, a person needs to have some solid grou nd information about what is considered right and wrong. The idea of conscience is used as a tool for applying already approveed moral principles.Aquinas considers conscience to be the center that individuals use to apply the general moral principle that they hold. Aquinas believed that it is always right to follow your conscience when you apply the right moral principles to each individual situation to the best of your ability. It does not mean that by following you conscience that you ordain always be right, if your principles are wrong then your conscience will lead you astray. Aquinas was everyplaceall saying that the conscience can be wrong if the reasoning through was wrong.In contrast, Copleston makes the important point that for most people the emotions or else than reason provide the starting point for moral choice. Joseph Butler viewed the conscience differently by believing that the conscious was a way of guarding or positive influence over the different aspects of human nature. Butler argued that there were two different aspects to human beings one being the passions and appetites, including the affections people have and also that there are more thoughtful aspects of benevolence towards others and conscience, as wellspring as self-love.Butler argued that these various parts were ordered in hierarchy, that there are situations where the conscience, being ace in the hierarchy, is able to over-rule the promptings of the appetites of affection. For Butler, the moral life was a matter of getting the hierarchy ordered in the right way. In this hierarchy, conscience comes at the top, because it has the superfluous affair of sorting out the conflicting claims of self-love and benevolence and that the balance is crucial for making moral decisions.In some ways, Butlers account of the role of conscience is rather like Platos view that reason should control appetite. His overall view was that a good person is someone who has his or her priorities we ll sorted, with the promptings of conscience ranking highest among them. Newman defines conscience as the voice of God, a principle planted within us, before we have had any training, although training and experience are necessary for its strength, growth, and due formation that is an internal witness of both the existence and the law of God. Newman shows how the light of the conscience, active in every human heart, finds fulfillment not in subjectivity and individualism, but in obedience to the teachings of the Pope in the communication of the Catholic Church. He said that is it often that second thoughts are best. So they are in matters of judgment but not matters of conscience. Freuds two key aspects to his approach were assertion that sexual desire is the prime need drive in all humans, and the importance of the unconscious mind.Freuds theory of the conscience is entirely in conflict with all of the positions of Aquinas, Butler, and Newman. He saw the conscience as part of the unconscious mind, and believed that it arose as a result of bad experience in early life as well as admonition from parents and society. Our human psyche is equated within the ego (our conscious personality) which balances the ID (our desires) and the SUPEREGO (our guilt). To be ruled by your superego would make you overly judgmental, inflexible, and irrational.Freud would argue against allowing the conscience to have control over our decisions about how we act. Freud believed that the conscience was a concept of the mind that sought to make sense of disorder and deal with the conflict that guilt brings. Freud believed that during our early upbringing we accept certain value and beliefs about morality and society, which may at some stage be rejected by our moral reasoning. However, these early formed values and beliefs still continue to influence our morality through the conscience that seeks to deal with the conflict that the early beliefs and later beliefs bring. ?

Swimming: An Important Life Skill

An Important Life Skill Swimming is a very all-important(a) and necessary liveness skill to have for this reason it should be included in part of the wellness curriculum at Negotiation High School. If a person has the fit knowledge of life saving skills/techniques, he or she will be able to save his or her own life as well as otherwise people. Swimming is also an abundant way of exercise. Lastly, it is a pleasurable activity. Did you know that 3,400 people drown in the US per year? Imagine macrocosm one of those people.Even if it may non be fast, competitive swimming, basic skills are necessary for survival. If you have the ability to be resourceful and stop float for a couple minutes you have the power to save your own life. Lifesaving is a nonher crucial skill to have. When someone is close to drowning, he or she might altogether have a few moments to live. Within those moments, if a person who has been trained in lifesaving skills, he or she would be able to save the drown ing victim. When doing so it is important not to make physical contact with the victim or else he or she might take the rescuer down with him or her.The swimming unit in wellness teaches us how to do so. It also instructs us on the cautions one should take while saving an unconscious victim so it does not result in the victims neck snapping. Swimming is also a great way of exercise. It does not wear out the Joints so people throne ingestion this as a method of exercise even when they become elderly. It is an excellent way to quell in decent physical condition throughout the years. With other sports, people tend to have to give up playing since it often results in Joints starting to ache and wear down. This leads to people having to get urge.With swimming, this is a figure that people are not concerned with since joints are never strained. It can also be a pleasurable activity. If your friends all decided to go to the bank and you were the only one who did not know how to swim, most likely, you would not end up having a great time. Learning Just the basic skills of swimming can prevent you from having a bad time at the beach, for instance. There are many sports you can play in the water if competitive swimming is not an enjoyable activity in your opinion. This list of sports include water polo, volleyball,Frisbee, etc. It can be inferred that swimming is a very imperative skill to know. It can be used to save another persons life or your own life with a few simple techniques and strokes. Swimming, correspondingly, is an amazing way to exercise and stay in shape through the course of a lifetime since it does not wear out Joints like most other sports do. In conclusion, it is also a great leisure activity. These are Just a few of the ample amount of reasons why swimming is a very important course and should be part of the wellness curriculum at Negotiation High School. By Mauritania

Digital Subscriber Line

C H A P T E R Chapter Goals Identify and discuss different types of digital lector stock certificate (digital proofreader line) technologies. Discuss the benefits of using xdigital subscriber line technologies. Explain how ASDL works. Explain the canonic concepts of communicateing and modulation. Discuss additional DSL technologies (SDSL, HDSL, HDSL-2, G. SHDSL, IDSL, and VDSL). Digital suppressorser crimp Introduction Digital proofreader crease (DSL) applied science is a modem technology that uses existent reprobate-pair call off lines to transport high-bandwidth info, much(prenominal) as multimedia and video, to receipts subscribers.The term xDSL coers a fleck of homogeneous yet competing forms of DSL technologies, including ADSL, SDSL, HDSL, HDSL-2, G. SHDL, IDSL, and VDSL. xDSL is drawing signifi kindlet attention from implementers and advantage providers be form it promises to deliver high-bandwidth info evaluate to dispersed locations with relatively small changes to the existing telco infrastructure. xDSL servings are dedicated, point-to-point, public cyberspace rec everyplace over twisted-pair copper conducting wire on the local loop (last mile) between a ne twork help providers (NSP) teleph cardinal exchange region and the node site, or on local loops compeld either intrabuilding or intracampus.Currently, most DSL deployments are ADSL, mainly delivered to residential customers. This chapter focus mainly on defining ADSL. irregular Digital lecturer livestock Asymmetric Digital lector production line (ADSL) technology is asymmetric. It al broken ins to a greater extent bandwidth downriverfrom an NSPs central office to the customer sitethan upstream from the subscriber to the central office. This asymmetry, combined with always-on nettle (which eliminates call setup), makes ADSL ideal for electronic network/intranet surfing, video-on-demand, and remote LAN access. Users of these applications typically download much to a greater extent than selective cultivation than they send.Internetworking Technologies Handbook 1-58705-001-3 21-1 Chapter 21 Asymmetric Digital lector Line Digital Subscriber Line ADSL transmits more than 6 Mbps to a subscriber and as much as 640 kbps more in both directions (shown in depend 21-1). Such order expand existing access capacity by a compute of 50 or more without new cabling. ADSL piece of tail literally transform the existing public information network from genius limited to vocalise, text, and low-resolution graphics to a powerful, present system capable of obstetrical delivery multimedia, including full-motion video, to every home this century.Figure 21-1 The Components of an ADSL Network Include a Telco and a CPE Core network Existing copper Server ADSL ADSL 1. 5 to 9 Mbps 16 to 640 kbps Internet ADSL connection ADSL will swordplay a crucial role over the next decade or more as predict companies enter new markets for delivering information in video and multimedia formats. New broadband cabling will tug decades to r severally all prospective subscribers. Success of these new services depends on reaching as some(prenominal) subscribers as possible during the first few years.By bringing movies, television, video catalogs, remote CD-ROMs, corpo deem LANs, and the Internet into homes and small telephone circuites, ADSL will make these markets viable and profitable for telephone companies and application suppliers a exchangeable. ADSL Capabilities An ADSL circuit connects an ADSL modem on each end of a twisted-pair telephone line, creating three information driveways a high-velocity downriver channel, a medium-speed duplex channel, and a sanctioned telephone service channel. The basic telephone service channel is ruin off from the digital modem by filters, thus guaranteeing uninterrupted basic telephone service, steady if ADSL fails.The high-speed channel ranges from 1. 5 to 9 Mbps, and duplex evaluate range from 16 to 640 kbps. to each one channel squeeze out be submultiplexed to form multiple lower-rate channel. ADSL modems provide data rates consistent with North American T1 1. 544 Mbps and European E1 2. 048 Mbps digital hierarchies (see Figure 21-2), and can be purchased with various speed ranges and capabilities. The minimum configuration provides 1. 5 or 2. 0 Mbps downriver and a 16-kbps duplex channel others provide rates of 6. 1 Mbps and 64 kbps for duplex.Products with downstream rates up to 8 Mbps and duplex rates up to 640 kbps are available today. ADSL modems accommodate Asynchronous maneuver Mode (ATM) transport with variable rates and compensation for ATM overhead, as well as IP protocols. Internetworking Technologies Handbook 21-2 1-58705-001-3 Chapter 21 Digital Subscriber Line Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Figure 21-2 This Chart Shows the Speeds for downriver Bearer and Duplex Bearer Channels downstream bearer channels n x 1. 536 Mbps 1. 536 Mbps 3. 072 Mbps 4. 608 Mbps 6. 144 Mbps 2. 048 Mbps 4. 096 Mbps x 2. 048 Mbps Duplex bearer channels C channel Optional channels 16 Kbps 64 Kbps 160 Kbps 384 Kbps 544 Kbps 576 Kbps Downstream data rates depend on a number of factors, including the length of the copper line, its wire gauge, the presence of bridged taps, and cross-coupled throw innce. Line attenuation increases with line length and frequency, and decreases as wire diameter increases. Ignoring bridged taps, ADSL performs as shown in Table 21-1. Table 21-1 Claimed ADSL Physical-Media Performance Data Rate (Mbps) 1. 5 or 2 1. 5 or 2 6. 1 6. 1 Wire Gauge (AWG) 24 26 24 26 surmount (feet) 18,000 15,000 12,000 9,000 Wire Size (mm) 0. 5 0. 4 0. 5 0. 4 Distance (km) 5. 5 4. 6 3. 7 2. 7 Although the measure varies from telco to telco, these capabilities can cover up to 95 percent of a loop plant, depending on the desired data rate. Customers beyond these distances can be reached with fiber-based digital loop carrier (DLC) systems. As these DLC syst ems become commercially available, telephone companies can oblation virtually ubiquitous access in a relatively unforesightful time. Many applications envisioned for ADSL involve digital besotted video.As a real-time signal, digital video cannot use link- or network-level error control procedures usually found in data communication theory systems. Therefore, ADSL modems incorporate forward error correction that dramatically withers errors cause by impulse affray. Error correction on a symbol-by-symbol basis in like manner reduces errors caused by continuous hindrance coupled into a line. ADSL Technology ADSL depends on advanced digital signal processing and creative algorithms to abridge so much information through twisted-pair telephone lines. In addition, many advances have been required in transformers, analog filters, and analog/digital (A/D) converters.Long telephone lines may attenuate signals at 1 megahertz (the outer edge of the band used by ADSL) by as much as 90 dB, forcing analog sections of ADSL modems to work very hard to realize large dynamic ranges, separate channels, and Internetworking Technologies Handbook 1-58705-001-3 21-3 Chapter 21 Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Digital Subscriber Line maintain low noise figures. On the outside, ADSL looks simpletransparent synchronous data pipes at various data rates over ordinary telephone lines. The inside, where all the transistors work, is a miracle of modern technology. Figure 21-3 displays the ADSL transceiver-network end.Figure 21-3 This Diagram Provides an Overview of the Devices That Make Up the ADSL Transceiver-Network End of the Topology Downstream channel(s) Duplex channel(s) Mux Error control XMTR D/A and A/D Line coupler Channel separation (FDM or ECH) canonic telephone service splitter Line Demux Duplex channel(s) Error control RCVR Basic telephone service ADSL transceivernetwork end (Premises end is reverberate image) To create multiple channels, ADSL modems divide the ava ilable bandwidth of a telephone line in one of two ways frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) or echo cancellation, as shown in Figure 21-4.FDM assigns one band for upstream data and another band for downstream data. The downstream path is because divided by time-division multiplexing into one or more high-speed channels and one or more low-speed channels. The upstream path is also multiplexed into alike low-speed channels. Echo cancellation assigns the upstream band to overlap the downstream, and separates the two by means of local echo cancellation, a technique well known in V. 32 and V. 34 modems. With either technique, ADSL splits off a 4-kHz part for basic telephone service at the DC end of the band.Internetworking Technologies Handbook 21-4 1-58705-001-3 Chapter 21 Digital Subscriber Line augury and Modulation Figure 21-4 ADSL Uses FDM and Echo Cancellation to Divide the Available Bandwidth for Services FDM Upstream Basic telephone service Downstream Frequency Echo cancella tion Upstream Basic telephone service Downstream 1 Mhz Frequency 1 Mhz An ADSL modem organizes the aggregate data stream created by multiplexing downstream channels, duplex channels, and maintenance channels together into blocks, and it attaches an error correction code to each block.The receiver then corrects errors that occur during transmission, up to the limits implied by the code and the block length. At the users option, the whole also can create superblocks by interleaving data inside subblocks this allows the receiver to correct any combination of errors within a specific span of bits. This, in turn, allows for effective transmission of both data and video signals. Signaling and Modulation This section includes the following cowl and DMT Modulated ADSL ADSL Standards and Associations CAP and DMT Modulated ADSLDMT and CAP are line- cryptology methods for modulating the galvanic signals sent over the copper wire in the local loop. Carrierless(prenominal) Amplitude and Pha se (CAP) is a familiar line-coding method. CAP is a well-understood technology because of its similarity with QAM. Although CAP is well-understood and relatively inexpensive, some argue that it is difficult to ordered series because it is a maven-carrier modulation technique and is susceptible to narrowband interference. DMT uses multiple carriers. At this point, DMT is capable of more speed than CAP. This is one reason that the ANSI committee T1E1. accorded it standards status in document T1. 413. This standard calls for 256 subbands of 4 KHz each, thereby occupying 1. 024 GHz. Each subband can be modulated with QAM 64 for clean subbands, down to QPSK. If each of the subbands can support QAM-64 modulation, then the forward channel supports 6. 1 Mbps. On the return path are 32 subbands, with a probable for 1. 5 Mbps. Internetworking Technologies Handbook 1-58705-001-3 21-5 Chapter 21 Signaling and Modulation Digital Subscriber Line CAP and DMT Compared CAP is a single-carrier t echnique that uses a wide passband.DMT is a multiple-carrier technique that uses many narrowband channels. The two have a number of engineering differences, even though, ultimately, they can strait similar service to the network layers discussed previously. adaptative leveling Adaptive rests are amplifiers that shape frequency response to compensate for attenuation and phase error. Adaptive leveling requires that the modems learn line characteristics and do so by sending probes and looking at the return signals. The equalizer then knows how it must amplify signals to get a nice, flat frequency response.The greater the dynamic range, the more complex the tearing down. ADSL requires 50 dB of dynamic range, complicating adjustive equalisation. Only with recent advances in digital signal processing (number crunching) has it become possible to have such equalization in relatively small packaging. Adaptive equalization is required for CAP because noise characteristics vary signific antly across the frequency passband. Adaptive equalization is not needed for DMT because noise characteristics do not vary across any given 4-KHz subband.A major have it away in comparing DMT with CAP is determining the point at which the complexity of adaptive equalization surpasses the complexity of DMTs multiple Fourier transform calculations. This is determined by further implementation experience. function Consumption Although DMT cl archaean scales and does not need adaptive equalization, other factors must be considered. First, with 256 channels, DMT has a disfavor regarding power consumption (and, therefore, cost) when compared with CAP. DMT has a high peak-to-average power ratio because the multiple carriers can constructively interfere to yield a strong signal.DMT has higher computational requirements, resulting in more transistors than the transceiver chips. Numbers are in the main proprietary at this point, but it is estimated that a single transceiver will consume 5 W of power, even with further advances. Power consumption is important because hundreds or thousands (as carriers dearly hope) of transceivers might be at the central office, or CEV. This would require much more heat dissipation than CAP requires. Latency Another issue for DMT is that latencies are somewhat higher than with CAP (15). Because each subband uses only 4 KHz, no bit can travel faster than permitted by a QAM-64.The trade-off between throughput and latency is a historical one in data communications and has normally been settled in the marketplace. Speed DMT appears to have the speed improvement over CAP. Because narrow carriers have relatively few equalization problems, more aggressive modulation techniques can be used on each channel. For CAP to hit comparable bit rates, it might be necessary to use more bandwidth, far beyond 1 MHz. This creates new problems associated with high frequencies on wires and would reduce CAPs current advantage in power consumption. Internet working Technologies Handbook 21-6 1-58705-001-3Chapter 21 Digital Subscriber Line Additional DSL Technologies ADSL Standards and Associations The American National Standards make up (ANSI) Working Group T1E1. 4 tardily approved an ADSL standard at rates up to 6. 1 Mbps (DMT/ANSI Standard T1. 413). The European Technical Standards Institute (ETSI) contributed an annex to T1. 413 to reflect European requirements. T1. 413 currently embodies a single terminal interface at the expound end. Issue II expands the standard to include a multiplexed interface at the premises end, protocols for configuration and network management, and other improvements.The ATM meeting place and the Digital Audio-Visual Council (DAVIC) have both recognized ADSL as a physical layer transmission protocol for UTP media. Additional DSL Technologies This section discusses the following DSL technologies SDSL HDSL HDSL-2 G. SHDSL ISDN Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) VDSL SDSL Symmetric Digital Subscriber Li ne (SDSL) is a rate-adaptive version of HDSL and, like HDSL, is symmetric. It allows equal bandwidth downstream from an NSPs central office to the customer site as upstream from the subscriber to the central office. SDSL supports data only on a single line and does not support analog calls.SDSL uses 2B1Q line coding and can transmit up to 1. 54 Mbps to and from a subscriber, or can be configured to tin a variable range of bandwidth up to 1. 45 Mbps. The symmetry that SDSL offers, combined with always-on access (which eliminates call setup), makes it a favorable WAN technology for small to medium businesses and branch offices, and can be an affordable choice to dedicated leased lines and Frame Relay services. Because traffic is cruciate, file transfer, web hosting, and distance-learning applications can effectively be implemented with SDSL. HDSLOriginally positive by Bellcore, high bit-rate DSL (HDSL)/T1/E1 technologies have been standardized by ANSI in the United States and by ET SI in Europe. The ANSI standard covers two-pair T1 transmission, with a data rate of 784 kbps on each twisted pair. ETSI standards exist both for a two-pair E1 system, with each pair carrying 1168 kbps, and a three-pair E1 system, with 784 kbps on each twisted pair. HDSL became democratic because it is a better way of provisioning T1 or E1 over twisted-pair copper lines than the long-used technique known as alternate Mark Inversion (AMI).HDSL uses less bandwidth and requires no repeaters up to the CSA range. By using adaptive line equalization and 2B1Q modulation, HDSL transmits 1. 544 Mbps or 2. 048 Mbps in bandwidth ranging from 80ntrast to the 1. 5 MHz required by AMI. (AMI is still the encoding protocol used for the majority of T1. ) Internetworking Technologies Handbook 1-58705-001-3 21-7 Chapter 21 Additional DSL Technologies Digital Subscriber Line T1 service can be installed in a day for less than $1,000 by installing HDSL modems at each end of the line.Installation via AMI costs much more and takes more time because of the requirement to add repeaters between the subscriber and the CO. Depending on the length of the line, the cost to add repeaters for AMI could be up to $5,000 and could take more than a week. HDSL is heavily used in cellular telephone buildouts. Traffic from the base station is backhauled to the CO using HDSL in more than 50 percent of installations. Currently, the vast majority of new T1 lines are provisioned with HDSL. However, because of the embedded base of AMI, less than 30 percent of existing T1 lines are provisioned with HDSL.HDSL does have drawbacks. First, no provision exists for analog role because it uses the voice band. Second, ADSL achieves better speeds than HDSL because ADSLs asymmetry deliberately keeps the crosstalk at one end of the line. Symmetric systems such as HDSL have crosstalk at both ends. HDSL-2 HDSL-2 is an emerging standard and a promising alternative to HDSL. The intention is to offer a symmetric serv ice at T1 speeds using a single-wire pair kind of than two pairs. This will enable it to operate for a larger potential audience.It will require more aggressive modulation, shorter distances (about 10,000 feet), and better phone lines. Much of the SDSL equipment in the market today uses the 2B1Q line code developed for Integrated Services Digital Network. The Bell companies have insisted that using this SDSL at speeds higher than 768 kbps can cause interference with voice and other services that are offered on copper wire within the very(prenominal) wire bundle. The biggest advantage of HDSL-2, which was developed to serve as a standard by which different vendors equipment could interoperate, is that it is knowing not to interfere with other services.However, HDSL-2 is full rate only, offering services only at 1. 5 Mbps. G. SHDSL G. SHDSL is a standards-based, multirate version of HDSL-2 and offers symmetrical service. The advantage of HDSL-2, which was developed to serve as a s tandard by which different vendors equipment could interoperate, is that it is designed not to interfere with other services. However, the HDSL-2 standard addresses only services at 1. 5 Mbps. Multirate HDSL-2 is part of Issue 2 of the standard known as G. SHDSL, and is ratified by the ITU. G.SHDSL builds upon the benefits of HDSL-2 by offering symmetrical rates of 2. 3 Mbps. ISDN Digital Subscriber Line ISDN digital subscriber line (IDSL) is a cross between ISDN and xDSL. It is like ISDN in that it uses a single-wire pair to transmit full-duplex data at 128 kbps and at distances of up to RRD range. Like ISDN, IDSL uses a 2B1Q line code to enable transparent operation through the ISDN U interface. Finally, the user continues to use existing CPE (ISDN BRI terminal adapters, bridges, and routers) to make the CO connections.The big difference is from the carriers point-of-view. Unlike ISDN, ISDL does not connect through the voice switch. A new piece of data communications equipment ter minates the ISDL connection and shuts it off to a router or data switch. This is a key feature because the overloading of central office voice switches by data users is a growing problem for telcos. Internetworking Technologies Handbook 21-8 1-58705-001-3 Chapter 21 Digital Subscriber Line Summary The limitation of ISDL is that the customer no longer has access to ISDN signaling or voice services.But for Internet service providers, who do not provide a public voice service, ISDL is an arouse way of using POTS dial service to offer higher-speed Internet access, targeting the embedded base of more than quint million ISDN users as an initial market. VDSL Very-High-Data-Rate Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL) transmits high-speed data over short reaches of twisted-pair copper telephone lines, with a range of speeds depending on actual line length. The maximum downstream rate under amity is between 51 and 55 Mbps over lines up to 1000 feet (300 m) in length.Downstream speeds as low as 13 Mbps over lengths beyond 4000 feet (1500 m) are also common. Upstream rates in early models will be asymmetric, just like ADSL, at speeds from 1. 6 to 2. 3 Mbps. both data channels will be separated in frequency from bands used for basic telephone service and Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), enabling service providers to overlay VDSL on existing services. Currently, the two high-speed channels are also separated in frequency. As needs maturate for higher-speed upstream channels or symmetric rates, VDSL systems may need to use echo cancellation. SummaryASDL technology is asymmetric, allowing more bandwidth for downstream than upstream data flow. This asymmetric technology combined with always-on access makes ASDL ideal for users who typically download much more data than they send. An ASDL modem is connected to both ends of a twisted-pair telephone line to create three information channels a high-speed downstream channel, a medium-speed duplex channel, and a basic telepho ne service channel. ADSL modems create multiple channels by dividing the available bandwidth of a telephone line using either frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) or echo cancellation.Both techniques split off a 4-kHz region for basic telephone service at the DC end of the band Synchronous Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL) provides variable, symmetric, high-speed data communication up to 1. 54 Mbps. But SDSL doesnt allow analog on the same line, as ADSL does. SDSL uses 2B1Q line coding, a technology employed in ISDN and T1 services. SDSL is a viable business option because of its capability to transmit high-speed data over longer distances from the CO and because of its ease of deployment make possible by its spectral compatibility.High Bit-Rate DSL (HDSL) is a symmetric version of DSL that uses 2B1Q like SDSL, but over two-wire pairs. HDSL is targeted at business deployment because it offers full-rate symmetrical 1. 5 Mbps service. HDSL-2 is a standards-based version of HDSL offering symmetrical 1. 5 Mbps service like HDSL, but with a single twisted pair of wires. HDSL is full-rate and does not offer variable rates. G. SHDSL does offer multirate service with symmetrical speeds of up to 2. 3 Mbps. ISDN digital subscriber line (IDSL) is similar in many ways to ISDN. The primary difference is that IDSL is always on and can reach speeds up to 512 kbps with compression.IDSL uses 2B1Q line coding and does not support analog. On the other hand, IDSL does allow data communications over longer distances than other DSL options (up to 26,000 feet) and is considerably less expensive than ISDN service, in most cases. Because IDSL supports existing ISDN CPE, it makes it slack to convert from ISDN to IDSL. Internetworking Technologies Handbook 1-58705-001-3 21-9 Chapter 21 check out Questions Digital Subscriber Line Very-High-Data-Rate Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL) transmits high-speed data over short distances through twisted-pair copper telephone lines.VDSL technology is still in the definition stage, but additional research is required before it can be standardized. VSDL and ADSL are similar technologies. However, although VSDL transmits data at nearly 10 times the rate of ADSL, ADSL is the more complex transmission technology. Review Questions Q Name the current versions of DSL technology. A ADSL, SDSL, HDSL, HDSL-2, G. SHDL, IDSL, and VDSL. Q What are the two-line coding methods used for ADSL? A DMT and CAP. Q Which versions of DSL offer symmetrical service? A SDSL, HDSL, and HDSL-2.Q What symmetrical version of DSL offers multirate service over a single pair of wire? A G. SHDSL Q How far of a reach can IDSL achieve from the CO? A 26,000 feet. Q What downstream and upstream rates are proposed for VDSL? A The maximum downstream rate under consideration is between 51 and 55 Mbps over lines up to 1000 feet (300 m) in length. Downstream speeds as low as 13 Mbps over lengths beyond 4000 feet (1500 m) are also common. Upstream rates in ear ly models will be asymmetric, just like ADSL, at speeds from 1. 6 to 2. 3 Mbps. For More Information ADSL Forum (http//www. adsl. com/) Cisco DSL Depot (http//www. isco. com/warp/public/779/servpro/promotions/dsldepot/) Glossary Terms G. SHDSL Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line. The upstream data rate is different from the downstream (typically the downstream is greater than the upstream). It is applicable to many DSL technologies offered today however, this term typically assumes DMT as defined in the ANSI T1. 413 specification. CPE Customer premises equipment, including devices such as CSU/DSUs, modems, and ISDN terminal adapters, required to provide an electromagnetic termination for wide-area network circuits before connecting to the router or access server.This equipment was historically provided by the telephone company, but it is now typically provided by the customer in North American markets. Internetworking Technologies Handbook 21-10 1-58705-001-3 Chapter 21 Digital Subscriber Line Glossary Terms CSU/DSU Channel service unit/data service unit. Provides electromagnetic termination of the digital (WAN) signal at the customer premises. Performs line teach and equalization functions, and responds to loopback commands sent from the central office.In North America, the customer supplies the device providing CSU/DSU functionality outside North America, the telecommunications service provider usually provides this device. DMT Discrete Multitone is the ANSI specified modulation technique for G. SHDSL (ANSI-T1. 413). DMT is theoretically capable of more speed than CAP. The key providers of DMT are Alcatel, Amati, Aware/ADI, and Orckit. Downstream Refers to the transmission of data from the central office (CO or COE) to the customer premise equipment (CPE). HDSL High-speed Digital Subscriber Line. This is a symmetrical modulation technique that uses two or three pairs of wires.HDSL2 High-speed Digital Subscriber Line. This is a symmetrical modulat ion technique that can achieve speeds in the T1 (1. 5 Mbps) range using one copper pair. POTS Plain old telephone service. QAM Quadrature premium phase modulation. RG. SHDSL Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line. This refers to the CAP2 and QAM technologies that use variable data rates to maximize the utilization of various loop lengths. SDSL Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line. This indicates a subscriber line service that utilizes the same data rate for upstream and downstream. This term is applicable to MDSL and HDSL technologies.Upstream Refers to the transmission of data from the customer premises equipment (CPE) to the central office equipment (CO or COE). VDSL Very-High-Data-Rate Digital Subscriber Line. This is a high-speed asymmetrical service in the 10 to 25 Mbps range, typically limited to less than 5,000 feet. The targeted application for this technology is a crossbred fiber copper system (fiber to the neighborhood). Internetworking Technologies Handbook 1-58705-001-3 21-11 Chapter 21 Glossary Terms Digital Subscriber Line Internetworking Technologies Handbook 21-12 1-58705-001-3

Evidences and Reflections of an Artist

Gianlorenzo Bernini (1598-1610) was more than the greatest sculptor of the Baroque period. He was also an architect, headstoneer, playwright, composer and theater designer. A brilliant wit and caricaturist, he wrote comedies and operas when not carving marbles as easily as clay. more than than any other artist, with his public foundations, ghostly art, and designs for St. Peters, he left his mark on the formulation of Rome (Strickland and Boswell, 1992). The Ecstasy of St. Theresa and Apollo and Daphne atomic number 18 evidences of Berninis outstanding skills.Berninis marble sculpture, The Ecstasy of St. Theresa, represented the venerate swooning on a cloud with an expression of mingled ecstasy and exhaustion on her face. Since the Counter reformation Church stressed the value of its members reliving Christs passion, Bernini tried to induce an intense religious experience in worshipers (Strickland and Boswell, 1992). On the other hand, few works in the history of sculpture ar more admired for the sheer skill of their carving than Berninis Apollo and Daphne.Bernini began the Apollo and Daphne in 1622 and had largely completed it by 1624, the last year of his employment with Cardinal Scipione Borghese. The Apollo and Daphne has come to stand as the perfect antithesis to the modernist pattern of justice to materials, the ultimate illustration of the artist defying his mediums very nature (Sofaer, 2007). For both works, Bernini used completely the resources of operatic stagecraft, creating a total artistic environment (Strickland and Boswell, 1992). Being able to observe Berninis great skills in art is a truly noteworthy and significant experience.Just watching his works through the moving- visit show made me feel the ecstasy, the pursuit and the love contained within those works. Somehow, it makes me want to sculpt a masterpiece of my possess, reflecting my own skill and my own knowledge. Michaelangelo Merisi da Caravaggios (1571-1610) genius resided in his ability to overlay one principle upon another, to cross aesthetic boundaries seamlessly while seldom calling attention to the means by which he did so. Moreover, yet when he was painting the human figure, Caravaggio was a still-life painter at heart.Caravaggios Basket of Fruit has been go out by modern scholars to the years 1593 to 1600, with most placing it closer to the end than the beginning of the first phase of his career. If indeed datable to the moment of his emergence as a public painter in the Contarelli Chapel, the little picture was not one of the realistic depictions of flowers and fruit. Coming at a critical juncture in his professional career, one can imagine the Basket of Fruit serving as a controversial expression of his ideas on the nature of creativity itself.In this work, he blended the lowly method of Ligozzis representational and didactic illustrations with higher-minded emulations of ancient literary and visual sources, prompted perhaps by his awar eness of the current fashion for blue still-life painting among collectors like Del Monte himself (Varriano, 2006). In the first Roman years, Caravaggio was isolated. He was rushed to hospital for a malaria attack, as witnessed in the famous self-portrait Sick Bacchus in the Galleria Borghese (Pomella, 2004). The Sick Bacchus is a meditation on the theme of loves sting, that is, on the woes of love gone awry.During the Baroque, the awareness of point of charm led, for the first time in Western history, to something which can be considered today as self-reflection, a restlessness of the human individual (Bal, 1999). Studying The Incredulity of Saint Thomas, also known as inquisitive Thomas, it may come as no surprise to learn that Caravaggio failed to win the commission to paint a resurrection for the Jesuits. By the time he had completed this painting, Caravaggios notion of a religious simulacrum had already worried Counter-Reformation churchmen.His reputation for painting in a style which has neither sacred, nor profane, but a hybrid of the two, had attracted uneasy commentary among potential ecclesiastical patrons. In this respect, the Incredulity of St. Thomas might or so be read as gauntlet thrown in the face of counter-reformation orthodoxy. This works is an evidence for Caravaggios decision to explore the central mystery of the Christian faith, the incarnation and the resurrection, with what might, tendentiously, be termed an almost Protestant literal-mindedness (Porter, 1997).To be able to understand the personality of Caravaggio through his works, as observed from the video, is an unforgettable occurrence for me. It had shown me that sometimes, there are certain things which artists have to do that defies the society and still, defines them as a whole individual or as a skilled artist. It also made me understand that most of the time, the paintings or artworks do not alone show particular sceneries or another model, but reflects the skills, pers onality and visions of the creator itself. References Bal, M. (1999). Quoting Caravaggio Contemporary Art, Preposterous History. shekels The University of Chicago Press. Pomella, A. (2004). Caravaggio Art line of reasonings. ATS Italia Editrice. Porter, R. (1997). Rewriting the Self Histories from the Renaissance to the Present. New York Routledge. Sofaer, J. (2007). Material Identities. Australia Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Strickland, C. and J. Boswell. (1992). The Annotated Mona Lisa A Crash Course in Art History from Prehistoric to Post-modern. Missouri Andrews McMeel Publishing. Varriano, J. (2006). Caravaggio The Art of Realism. Pennsylvania The Pennsylvania State University Press.

Case 15: Teletech Corporation, 2005 Essay

Case Study 3 Estimating the Cost of Capital1. soon Teletech Corporation (TC) uses a single hurdle regulate for both their Telecommunications Services (TS) and Products and Services (P&S) divisions. This hurdle appraise obtained by an estimate of TC Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), which is calculated at 9.3%. When analyzing critically at this point, TS is underperforming with a go by on swell (ROC) of 9.1%, whereas, P&S segment is well over the required rate of return as it is gaining a ROC of 11.0%.As a result, the blind drunk sh atomic number 18 monetary value is inactive. Their price-to-earning is far below investors expectation in comparison to the firms risk. The use of a single regular hurdle rate brings about an uncorrelation between risk and return. With an approx. $2 billion existence invested in the upcoming years, the discount rate is significantly important in order to crystallise coronation decision on profitable projects, that will ontogeny shareho lders value. 2. Estimate the segment WACCs for Teletech corporealTSP&S deem statementMV asset weights100%75%25.00%Bond ratingA-/BBB+ABBPretax cost of debt (Kd)5.88%5.74%7.47%Tax rate (t)40%40%40%After-tax cost of debt3.53%3.44%4.48%Kd(1-t)Equity beta ()1.151.041.36industriousness AverageRf4.62%4.62%4.62%30-year U.S Treasury SecuritiesRM10.12%10.12%10.12%Source BloombergRM-Rf5.50%5.50%5.50%Cost of equity (Ke)10.95%10.34%12.11%Ke=Rf + (RM-Rf)Weight of debt22.19%22.19%22.19%Assume that it remain the same asWeight of equity77.81%77.81%77.81%TeletechWACC9.30%8.81%10.41%WACC=Wd *Kd(1-t) + We*Ke3. It seems that TS is actually profitable on a risk-adjusted basic, even though it is underperforming compared with the firm hurdle rate. The reason behind is the current use of constant hurdle rate does non mirror the higher cost of debt required for P&S, and shows that the cost of equity required for TS will non have sufficient capital in the future but P&S will be given more than enough beca use TS return is less than P&S. It also indicates that TS certainly is less unfit than the company and therefore it should be provided adequate funds in the large run.4. In term of stinting value, all money is green. Teletech having a book value of $16 million, they would fit the profile no matter it is under devil segments its return on capital is viewed as one whole part. Investors are only concerned with the company as the whole, rather than its individual segments. The implication of that view is to let investors profoundly understand that Teletech will still have return at the hurdle rate despite the position that P&S is less profitable than TS. The return is being produced for shareholders are clearly dependent on where Teletech invests its fund.The argument in favor is that the returns oncapital of the two segments complied into Teletech hence, it is practical to keep all capital contributions at the firm should be treated individually. The argument against this statemen t is that the decision might be terms if the use of strategic consideration is not included. The use of single hurdle rate will make the NPV results consistent but the NPV as well as the economic profit estimations would lose their meaning and compare across TS and P&S.The separation of exploitation different hurdle judge will make Teletechs return higher. 5. If all the firms assets were invested only in the telecommunication segment the firm would increase the total risk as the lack of diversification on multiple investments. From another point of view, currently Teletech is using a constant rate to determine the projects and this rate is used as the discount rate. If the hurdle rate is set constantly at 9.3%, return on capital of TS (8.5%) is far lower than the hurdle, it seems equivalent TS will reduce the firms value. While the return on capital of P&S (11.4%) exceeds the hurdle, it means P&S will enhance the firms value.TSP&SExplanationReturn on Capital (%)9.10%11.00%NOPAT (million)$1,180.00$480.00Capital (million)$12,967.03$4,363.64Capital=ROC*NOPATEconomic Profit (million)-$25.98$74.17Use of a constant hurdle rateEP=(ROC-Hurdle Rate)*Capital$37.66$25.54Use of individual hurdle ratesWhereThe constant hurdle rate = WACCfirm = 9.3%The individual hurdle ratesUsed for TS = WACCTS = 8.81%Used for P&S = WACCP&S = 10.41%From the table above, apparently observed that the use of the constant hurdle rate will mislead investment decisions, as it in all probability will result in negative economic profit from TS (-$25.98 million) as it does not take into account any additional risk associated with each segment.In fact if the use of individual hurdle rates applied, it will generate a large positive economic profit from TS ($37.66 million), PS still dust profitable but it is far below the original economic profit that calculated by using the constant hurdle rate. 6. From the calculations above in part 5, P&S will contribute pointless value ($25.54 million) to Teletech as the term all money is green because P&S actual return is up to 11%, which is, lightly exceeded the hurdle rate of 10.41%.7. There is no conflict with holding two seats on Teletechs board of directors as he demanded, but the initial purpose of business concern is to provide firms guests the best goods and services, that will make Teletech to become the best telecommunication service.The firm will have to generate the best possible return, maximize the shareholders wealth, maintain the cogent development in both expansions of range as well as increase in customer satisfaction. So far, each segment has shown clear evidences and signs that they have been being brought value to Teletech, therefore Teletech have to purpose to treat both TS and P&S like individual firms in the uses of equity and debt for a long run benefit.

Lady Windermere’s Fan

On his wifes birthday, maestro Windermere presented her with a beautiful, delicately wrought raw sienna with her name, Margaret, engraved upon it. She mean to turn stern the fan at a ball she was giving that evening, a ball to which everyone of importance in capital of the United Kingdom had been invited. That afternoon, the Duchess of Berwick called on chick Windermere, to tell her friend of a rumored affair betwixt master Windermere and Mrs. Erlynne, a entrancing only when notorious woman not received in the best houses. According to the duchess story, shaper Windermere had for more or less months been supplying Mrs.Erlynne with funds for her support. The gaga dowager suggested that peeress Windermere take immediate steps to learn the human relationship between the two. gentlewoman Windermere was upset. Determined to find out if there were any truth to the gossip, she opened her preserves desk. In a locked bank book, which she ripped open, she found evidence of h er husbands duplicity, a inscribe of checks issued to Mrs. Erlynne everywhere a long period of time. Angry and hurt at ennoble Windermeres unmixed chastisement to appreciate love and virtue, she dark on him the moment he appeared.His main concern was irritation that his wife had dared tamper with his property behind his back. He informed her that his relations with Mrs. Erlynne were perfectly honorable, that she was a exquisitely exclusively unfortunate woman who wished to win the regard of society once more. Moreover, overlord Windermere explicitly say his wife to send Mrs. Erlynne an invitation to the ball. When Lady Windermere refused, her husband wrote an invitation. Angered at his act, Lady Windermere threatened to strike Mrs. Erlynne with the fan if she dared crucify the threshold of Windermere House.When Mrs. Erlynne appeared at the ball, Lady Windermere lost her resolution and let the fan drop to the floor. The guests, accept that Mrs. Erlynne had been invited b y Lady Windermere herself, legitimate her. She was lionized by all the men, and the women, curious because of the many stories they had heard, wanted to enamor at send-off hand what she was really like. Among her special admirers was Lord Augustus Lorton, the Duchess of Berwicks disreputable brother, to whom she had just become engaged to be married. Mrs.Erlynne was not the only woman greatly admired that evening. Lord Darlington was persistently attentive to Lady Windermere. Having crisply turned Lord Darlingtons advances down, Lady Windermere became despondent when she unexpectedly caught sight of her husband and Mrs. Erlynne in joyous conversation. Without waiting to see her guests out, Lady Windermere wrote a letter informing Lord Windermere that she was leaving his house forever. She gave the letter to a servant to deliver and left for Lord Darlingtons apartments. Mrs.Erlynne, who with Lord Augustus had remained behind to talk with Lord Windermere, detect the letter Lady Windermere had written, and the thought of that ladys rash act brought back old memories. cardinal years before, Mrs. Erlynne had written a similar letter to her husband, and had left him and their child for a fan who had leave her. Her years of social ostracism had made her a stranger to her own young woman. Perhaps, however, she could keep her daughter from making the same mistake. Lady Windermere should never feel the remorse that her mother, Mrs. Erlynne, had known. Mrs.Erlynne took Lady Windermeres letter and locomote to Lord Darlingtons apartments, first persuading Lord Augustus to take Lord Windermere to his club and keep him there for the heartsease of the night. In Lord Darlingtons rooms, without revealing her identity, Mrs. Erlynne managed to persuade Lady Windermere to think of her child and go back to her husband. pop of the depths of her own bitter experience, Mrs. Erlynne insisted that Lady Windermeres first duty was not to her husband but to her child. As Lady Windermere was leaving, Lord Darlington returned, accompanied by Lord Windermere, Lord Augustus, and several cohorts.Ready to face the men, Mrs. Erlynne counseled Lady Windermere to mooring line behind a curtain to await a fortuitous moment for escape. Upon learning of Lord Augustus presence, Mrs. Erlynne went into the close room, hoping to avoid detection. Lord Windermere soon discovered his wifes fan and faced Lord Darlington with it. giving Lady Windermere the opportunity to exit, Mrs. Erlynne appeared suddenly from the adjoining room, with the write up that she had taken the fan, mistaking it for her own, when she left Windermere House.Her story protected Lady Windermere at the cost of her own reputation. Lord Windermere was furious, for he felt that he had in high-priced faith befriended and helped a woman who was beneath contempt, and Lord Augustus turned away. The next morning, having realized that, by nearly strange irony, the bad woman had accepted public disgrace in order to return the skillful one, Lady Windermere defended Mrs. Erlynne to her husband, who persisted in disparaging the adventuress. Frustrated by Windermeres demand that she not see Mrs. Erlynne again, Lady Windermere poised herself to explain all.Then Mrs. Erlynne arrived to return the fan, but refused to reveal herself to her daughter, not wanting to shatter Lady Windermeres illusions. Taking advantage of the simultaneous arrival of Lord Augustus and her coach, Mrs. Erlynne asked her now-cold suitor to escort her out, where he accepted her explanation that his own interests had taken her to Lord Darlingtons rooms. When he returned to the Windermeres to share his good news, Lord Windermere told him that he was marrying a very clever woman. Lady Windermere insisted that he was marrying someone rarer, a good woman.Lady Windermeres buffOn his wifes birthday, Lord Windermere presented her with a beautiful, delicately wrought fan with her name, Margaret, engraved upon it. She inte nded to carry the fan at a ball she was giving that evening, a ball to which everyone of importance in London had been invited. That afternoon, the Duchess of Berwick called on Lady Windermere, to tell her friend of a rumored affair between Lord Windermere and Mrs. Erlynne, a fascinating but notorious woman not received in the best houses. According to the duchess story, Lord Windermere had for some months been supplying Mrs.Erlynne with funds for her support. The old dowager suggested that Lady Windermere take immediate steps to learn the relationship between the two. Lady Windermere was upset. Determined to find out if there were any truth to the gossip, she opened her husbands desk. In a locked bank book, which she ripped open, she found evidence of her husbands duplicity, a record of checks issued to Mrs. Erlynne over a long period of time. Angry and hurt at Lord Windermeres apparent failure to appreciate love and virtue, she turned on him the moment he appeared.His main concern was annoyance that his wife had dared tamper with his property behind his back. He informed her that his relations with Mrs. Erlynne were perfectly honorable, that she was a fine but unfortunate woman who wished to win the regard of society once more. Moreover, Lord Windermere explicitly ordered his wife to send Mrs. Erlynne an invitation to the ball. When Lady Windermere refused, her husband wrote an invitation. Angered at his act, Lady Windermere threatened to strike Mrs. Erlynne with the fan if she dared cross the threshold of Windermere House.When Mrs. Erlynne appeared at the ball, Lady Windermere lost her resolution and let the fan drop to the floor. The guests, believing that Mrs. Erlynne had been invited by Lady Windermere herself, accepted her. She was lionized by all the men, and the women, curious because of the many stories they had heard, wanted to see at first hand what she was really like. Among her special admirers was Lord Augustus Lorton, the Duchess of Berwicks di sreputable brother, to whom she had just become engaged to be married. Mrs.Erlynne was not the only woman greatly admired that evening. Lord Darlington was persistently attentive to Lady Windermere. Having sharply turned Lord Darlingtons advances down, Lady Windermere became despondent when she unexpectedly caught sight of her husband and Mrs. Erlynne in rapt conversation. Without waiting to see her guests out, Lady Windermere wrote a letter informing Lord Windermere that she was leaving his house forever. She gave the letter to a servant to deliver and left for Lord Darlingtons apartments. Mrs.Erlynne, who with Lord Augustus had remained behind to talk with Lord Windermere, discovered the letter Lady Windermere had written, and the thought of that ladys rash act brought back old memories. Twenty years before, Mrs. Erlynne had written a similar letter to her husband, and had left him and their child for a lover who had deserted her. Her years of social ostracism had made her a stran ger to her own daughter. Perhaps, however, she could keep her daughter from making the same mistake. Lady Windermere should never feel the remorse that her mother, Mrs. Erlynne, had known. Mrs.Erlynne took Lady Windermeres letter and hurried to Lord Darlingtons apartments, first persuading Lord Augustus to take Lord Windermere to his club and keep him there for the rest of the night. In Lord Darlingtons rooms, without revealing her identity, Mrs. Erlynne managed to persuade Lady Windermere to think of her child and go back to her husband. Out of the depths of her own bitter experience, Mrs. Erlynne insisted that Lady Windermeres first duty was not to her husband but to her child. As Lady Windermere was leaving, Lord Darlington returned, accompanied by Lord Windermere, Lord Augustus, and several cohorts.Ready to face the men, Mrs. Erlynne counseled Lady Windermere to slip behind a curtain to await a fortuitous moment for escape. Upon learning of Lord Augustus presence, Mrs. Erlynne w ent into the next room, hoping to avoid detection. Lord Windermere soon discovered his wifes fan and faced Lord Darlington with it. Giving Lady Windermere the opportunity to exit, Mrs. Erlynne appeared suddenly from the adjoining room, with the explanation that she had taken the fan, mistaking it for her own, when she left Windermere House.Her explanation saved Lady Windermere at the cost of her own reputation. Lord Windermere was furious, for he felt that he had in good faith befriended and helped a woman who was beneath contempt, and Lord Augustus turned away. The next morning, having realized that, by some strange irony, the bad woman had accepted public disgrace in order to save the good one, Lady Windermere defended Mrs. Erlynne to her husband, who persisted in disparaging the adventuress. Frustrated by Windermeres demand that she not see Mrs. Erlynne again, Lady Windermere poised herself to explain all.Then Mrs. Erlynne arrived to return the fan, but refused to reveal herself to her daughter, not wanting to shatter Lady Windermeres illusions. Taking advantage of the simultaneous arrival of Lord Augustus and her coach, Mrs. Erlynne asked her now-cold suitor to escort her out, where he accepted her explanation that his own interests had taken her to Lord Darlingtons rooms. When he returned to the Windermeres to share his good news, Lord Windermere told him that he was marrying a very clever woman. Lady Windermere insisted that he was marrying someone rarer, a good woman.

East of Eden Essay

In John Steinbecks novel, East of Eden, the deprivation of a sound conscience is a theme that is associated with Cathy Ames, and afflicts the people around her. The rootage uses signal to portray the future of Cathy and her multiple victims. By doing so, the author builds onto the characterization of Cathy, revealing how truly unfairness she is. From birth, Cathy is foreshadowed to develop into something monstrous. The author claims that he believe(s) there are monsters born in the world to human parents (72). blush though she has not been physic every last(predicate)y presented to the reader yet, Cathy is about to be portrayed as the main evil in this novel. This prelude to Cathys characterization foreshadows the evil that will come with her presence. Cathys reign of affright begins when she burns her own house down, and the frightened talk ran through the town that the whole Ames family had burned (87). This activity corresponds to the foreshadowing presented by the authors de scription of monsters being born to human parents.By committing much(prenominal) an inhumane act, the reader gains the knowledge that Cathy has no conscience. Cathys tirade did not end there, and after broad birth to Adam, and possibly Charles, babies and trying to leave him, she shot at him. The heavy slug struck him in the shoulder and flattened and tore out a piece of his shoulder blade (202). Cathys cogency to kill the father of her children without even considering the severity of her actions shows how much of a monster Cathy truly is.The actions performed by Cathy at much(prenominal) an early stage in the story only foreshadows to the reader that she has not yet finish her path of destruction. Cathys inner evil is revealed at birth, and, at a young age, she discovers that she holds powers that can be used to manipulate others. From birth Cathy is foreshadowed to be pure evil, and she learned when she was very young that exciteuality with all its attendant yearnings and p ains, jealousies and taboos, is the most disturbing impulse humans agree (75).It is disturbing that Cathy realizes her stimulateual capabilities at such a young age. The way Cathys thought process is presented, it can be seen that Cathy plans to abuse her powers, foreshadowing conflicts to arise in the future. It did not take long for Cathy to utilize her powers, and at ten Cathy knew something of the power of the sex impulse and began coldly to experiment with it (75). Cathys experimentation with sexual power at such a young age helps further depict her as a malevolent being with no conscience.The circumstance that she begins abbling in sexual activities, at an age where most dont even know what sex is, foreshadows that there can only be trouble to come from involvement with Cathy. Years pass and, as foreshadowed, Cathy becomes a major contributor to her local brothel. When speaking of her regular customers with the brothels owner, Faye, Cathy tells her to look at the heel marks on their groins Ive got the sweetest set of razors all in a case (236). Cathy has been secretly sodomizing and extorting extra money from her regulars, showing she is not content with the amount of control she already possesses.Her actions foreshadow that Cathys search for power is never ending, foreshadowing she will continue her malicious acts until someone is capable of fillet her. At birth Cathy is depicted to be monstrous, which is proven true by the actions she displays while growing as a child. The realization of the many powers she possesses are developed and abused by Cathy, showing she disregards all others intimately being in her search for total control. Such actions can only be performed by those who have no sound conscience, and have no fear of the consequences posed by society.

The Chocolate War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Chocolate War - quiz ExampleArchie Costello heads The Vigils and the group is specialized in giving assignments that have to be completed by other students. Depending on the individuals, the assignments are different from one person to the other and are intended to inflict as much psychological torture as possible. For instance, when Goober, Jerrys friend is given an assignment of unscrewing desks, chairs and hinges, he undergoes nix emotional consequences when the desks and chairs fall apart the moment the students come to class the following day.Apathy is indeed infectious. When Jerry refuses to administer the chocolates, he is considered a hero, since his fellow students also refuse to sell their chocolates 1st Student remarks that I never thought of saying no like you did. That was awesome (Robinette 56). This clearly indicates that other students were infected by apathy. Jerry proves Archie powerful when he tells Obie that Jerry is emotionally strong since after loosing his mother, he has stood on his feet by joining school in such a short period of time. Archie claims Dont let him fool you. He is a tough one. Gets wiped out all day, then gets secure back up on his feet (Robinette 12). During certain instances, it is compulsory that an individual violates the society around him/her, particularly when the society goes against his/her personal norms. Jerry decides to embrace the assertions of a poster in his locker that reads Do I dare disturb the Universe? (Robinette 39). This was wise of him since every individual has the right to choose what is consciously right for him/her. When Jerry remarks that refusing to sell chocolates is a kind of perversion, he is right, since perversion is an aspect that dress hat describes the behavior of human beings that are considered to be deviating from what is regarded as being normal. At the Trinity school, it was evident that The

Article review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 17

Article review - Essay ExampleThe second recommendation that the article makes contends that mathematics programs for children must shift from focusing on numeracy and begin to explore concepts and ideas, which will develop a to a greater extent powerful foundation in math (Burghes, 2012).Thirdly, the article recommends that math teachers need to focus more on designing better lesson plans. By studying the Japanese structure of lesson study, in which the math teachers undergo passkey increment by using their research lessons to share their practice (Burghes, 2012). The article contends that this type of professional development successfully changes approaches to teaching since it gets all teachers moved and on board. In the lesson study, the article proposes that teachers should first come up with an overarching lesson study aim. In addition, they should agree on the objectives for each lesson among themselves, plan a research lesson that satisfies two or more of the objectives, c arry out an in-depth review after teaching the lessons, and note action plans that will be disseminated to be used for the next lesson cycle. Finally, the author claims that study mathematical concepts will only be better with leadership. The math coordinator must be a leader in the initiative to improve teaching and learning of math concepts. The coordinator will take responsibility for supporting and encouraging the rest, discussion and monitoring their progress, and intervening in the presence of uncertainties and problems (Burghes, 2012).The article studies an innovative math program for children that have achieved impressive results in Hungary, which is called the Mathematics sweetening Program (Burghes, 2012). Most of the lessons learnt from the article are relevant in the US math curriculum. It is non-confrontational and friendly, encouraging teachers to engage pupils in discussion to find solutions to problems in math. The innovative structure enables the lesson plans to s upport class